電動車充電器11個故障如何快速檢修
1. 充電器不能充電,指示燈也不亮。
先檢(jian)查電源220 V 電壓是否正常;如正常,再(zai)(zai)檢(jian)查充(chong)電器電源插頭(tou)與電源插座(zuo)之間(jian)是否接(jie)觸(chu)良好;如良好,再(zai)(zai)檢(jian)查充(chong)電器熔(rong)絲是否熔(rong)斷(duan)。
一般(ban)情況下,如果交流(liu)220 V 電(dian)壓正常,則可(ke)能是電(dian)源(yuan)插頭與插座之(zhi)間(jian)接觸不良,或充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)熔絲燒斷(duan)。
如果以上檢查均正常,則打開充電器的外殼,檢查電路板高壓區(qu)附(fu)近的元器件是否虛(xu)焊,熔絲座(zuo)是否正常(chang),變壓器、晶體管等是否損(sun)壞(huai)。
2. 電源指示燈不亮,充電指示燈也不亮。
首先(xian)應檢查(cha)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)源插頭(tou)與市電(dian)(dian)220 V連(lian)接(jie)(jie)情況,如連(lian)接(jie)(jie)不良,則打開(kai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器外殼(ke),檢查(cha)熔絲;如正(zheng)常,再(zai)檢查(cha)電(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)入線是(shi)否接(jie)(jie)好;電(dian)(dian)路板高壓(ya)區附近的(de)元器件是(shi)否虛焊,熔絲座是(shi)否接(jie)(jie)觸不良。
一般情(qing)況下,應注(zhu)意檢(jian)查變壓(ya)器(qi)、晶體(ti)管等易損(sun)元器(qi)件有無虛(xu)焊。更換上述損(sun)壞的(de)組件,故障即(ji)可排除。
注意(yi):上述(shu)元器件損壞(huai)(huai)時(shi)(shi)(shi),可(ke)能會(hui)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)損壞(huai)(huai)1到(dao)2 個,有時(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)能會(hui)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)損壞(huai)(huai)好幾個,檢修時(shi)(shi)(shi)需要逐(zhu)一檢查。更換(huan)這(zhe)些組(zu)件后,才能通(tong)電。
3. 電源指示燈亮,但充電指示燈為橙色。
先(xian)檢查(cha)(cha)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)插(cha)頭與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)插(cha)座是否松(song)動;如無松(song)動,再檢查(cha)(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)盒(he)上的熔(rong)絲管(guan)是否開路(lu),熔(rong)絲座是否松(song)動;用萬用表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔測量其空載輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),正(zheng)常時該電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應在35~44 V 的范圍之內(nei);如不在此范圍之內(nei),則可能是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)線(xian)開路(lu),應更換輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)線(xian)。更換時,應注意原機的正(zheng)、負極(ji)不能接反(fan)。
4. 充電器輸出電壓偏高(大于50 V)。
用萬用表(biao)檢測充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),如(ru)大于(yu)50 V,則可(ke)能是(shi)由(you)于(yu)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)阻(zu)值(zhi)改變(bian)或損壞。可(ke)通過測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)源厚膜塊的(de)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)否(fou)正常來進行判斷,一般是(shi)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)損壞。如(ru)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)損壞,則應(ying)更換同型號(hao)的(de)取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)。
更換后,應重新用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)檢測充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),正常值為41~44 V。如果有偏差,需調整元器(qi)件,使充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保持正常。
5. 充電器無電壓輸出。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)正常(chang),而無電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸出(chu),一般(ban)是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸出(chu)部分銅箔燒斷所致(zhi)。
此類故障多為(wei)蓄電池正、負(fu)極接(jie)反(fan)所致。重點檢查電源厚(hou)膜塊和保(bao)護(hu)電路,更換損壞的組件(jian),并(bing)將銅箔接(jie)上,即可恢復正常(chang)。
6. 充電器嚴重發熱,且有異常的響聲。
首先觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)源指(zhi)示(shi)燈和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示(shi)燈是否正常;如兩種指(zhi)示(shi)燈很(hen)暗(an)且閃爍,則(ze)可能是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)輸(shu)出級消振阻(zu)、容組件損(sun)壞或(huo)者是濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容開路(lu)或(huo)虛焊(han)引起。
若燈光閃爍,一般是電源厚膜塊損壞。應逐一進行(xing)檢查,并更(geng)換損壞的組件(jian)。
7. 充電器外形變形。
充電(dian)器(qi)(qi)外殼變形,一般是(shi)充電(dian)器(qi)(qi)嚴重發熱引起(qi)的,說明電(dian)路中存在嚴重的短路故(gu)障(zhang)。應重點(dian)檢查(cha)大濾波電(dian)容、電(dian)源管和整流二(er)極管是(shi)否損壞。如損壞,更(geng)換(huan)即(ji)可。
8. 充電器輸出部分銅箔燒斷。
這種故障一般(ban)是由于蓄(xu)電(dian)池正、負極反接造(zao)成的(de),應該先檢(jian)查充電(dian)器熔絲。如正常,則(ze)應檢(jian)查電(dian)源厚膜塊和保護電(dian)路,將斷銅箔連上(shang)可(ke)恢復正常。
若熔(rong)絲被熔(rong)斷,則需要進一(yi)(yi)步檢測后逐一(yi)(yi)檢查大功率(lv)電路和保護電路。如組件損壞應(ying)更換。
9. 充電顯示不正常。
蓄電池充足電后,充電器應當(dang)有顯(xian)示,一般是紅色變綠(lv)色,有的是綠(lv)色變黃色,表示蓄電池基本(ben)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)。如(ru)果蓄電池在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電時發(fa)光(guang)管不(bu)亮或(huo)已(yi)經充(chong)(chong)滿(man)而不(bu)變顏色,說(shuo)明充(chong)(chong)電顯(xian)示有故障,應進行檢修。發(fa)光(guang)管不(bu)亮的原(yuan)因(yin)大多(duo)是發(fa)光(guang)管本(ben)身問(wen)題(ti)或(huo)線路問(wen)題(ti)。
10. 充不滿電。
充不(bu)滿電(dian)的主要原(yuan)因是(shi):充電(dian)器(qi)(qi)工(gong)作一段時(shi)間即自(zi)行停止,沒有電(dian)流和電(dian)壓(ya),一般是(shi)電(dian)路問(wen)題,大都是(shi)焊(han)點虛焊(han),接觸不(bu)良或元器(qi)(qi)件失(shi)效等。這(zhe)種故障在常(chang)溫狀(zhuang)態(tai)下正(zheng)常(chang),溫度升高后開(kai)始(shi)顯(xian)現(xian),有時(shi)逐漸出現(xian),有時(shi)是(shi)突(tu)然出現(xian)。
11. 充電停停。
與充(chong)不(bu)足電屬相(xiang)同故障,大都是線路(lu)接觸(chu)不(bu)良。