由于密封鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池的(de)諸多優點(dian),因(yin)此獲得了廣泛(fan)應用．然而密封鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)技(ji)術似(si)乎不被看重,因(yin)充電(dian)方式不合理而造(zao)成電(dian)池過(guo)早報廢的(de)情況(kuang)普遍(bian)存在．充電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)分析:

1.維護充電:

      當電池電壓較低時(可設定,本電路預設在9V以下),充電器工作在小電(dian)流維護充電(dian)狀態下(xia),工作原(yuan)理為U1C⑨腳(同相端)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)低于⑧腳(反相端),U1C輸出低電(dian)位(wei)(wei),T4截止.U1D 11 腳電(dian)位(wei)(wei)約(yue)0.18V．此(ci)時充電(dian)電(dian)流約(yue)250mA(恒流電(dian)路(lu)由(you)R14,U1D,T1B周(zhou)邊外圍電(dian)路(lu)構成,恒流原(yuan)理讀者請自行分析)．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維(wei)護充(chong)電(dian)繼續,電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)逐漸(jian)升高,當電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)超過9V時,充(chong)電(dian)器轉入(ru)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)快充(chong)模式下,U1C⑨腳(jiao)(同相端(duan))電(dian)位(wei)(wei)高于(yu)⑧腳(jiao)(反相端(duan)),U1C輸(shu)出高電(dian)位(wei)(wei),T4導通,U1D 11 腳(jiao)電(dian)位(wei)(wei)約(yue)(yue)為0.48V,充(chong)電(dian)器恒(heng)定輸(shu)出約(yue)(yue)1A電(dian)流(liu)給(gei)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當電(dian)池(chi)(chi)接近充(chong)足電(dian)時(shi),充(chong)電(dian)器自(zi)(zi)動轉入限壓(ya)浮充(chong)狀態(tai)下(xia)(限壓(ya)浮充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)設定為(wei)(wei)13.8V,如為(wei)(wei)6V蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi),則浮充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)應設定為(wei)(wei)6.9V), 此時(shi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流會由快速充(chong)電(dian)狀態(tai)下(xia)逐漸下(xia)降,至電(dian)池(chi)(chi)完全充(chong)足電(dian)后,充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流僅為(wei)(wei)10~30mA,用以補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)因自(zi)(zi)放電(dian)而損失的(de)電(dian)量.

4. 保護及(ji)充電(dian)指示電(dian)路:

    本電(dian)(dian)路(lu)設有反極性保護電(dian)(dian)路(lu),由(you)D4,U1C,U1D,T1及外圍(wei)元(yuan)件構成,當電(dian)(dian)池反接時,充電(dian)(dian)器限(xian)制(zhi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不致發(fa)生事故(原(yuan)理請讀者(zhe)自行(xing)分析,或Email給(gei)作者(zhe)).充電(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示由(you)U1A,D7及外圍(wei)元(yuan)件構成,充電(dian)(dian)時,D7點亮,充電(dian)(dian)器進入(ru)浮充狀態后,D7熄滅,表(biao)示充電(dian)(dian)結束.

5. 本電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)略為修改(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)參(can)數即可(ke)任意調(diao)整充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流,浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以滿足不(bu)同(tong)規格電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)需(xu)要.

6. 物料清單如下

注:CF=碳膜(mo)電(dian)阻(zu);MF=金(jin)屬膜(mo)電(dian)阻(zu);M.O.F=金(jin)屬氧化(hua)膜(mo)電(dian)阻(zu)

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實測充(chong)電器的(de)充(chong)電曲線如下圖.

由于密(mi)封鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)諸多優點,因此獲得了(le)廣泛應用．然(ran)而密(mi)封鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)技(ji)術似乎不(bu)被看重,因充電(dian)方式不(bu)合理而造成電(dian)池(chi)過早報廢的(de)情況普遍存在．充電(dian)過程分析:

1.維護充電:

      當電(dian)池電(dian)壓較低時(可(ke)設定,本電(dian)路預(yu)設在(zai)9V以下(xia)(xia)),充電(dian)器(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)小(xiao)電(dian)流維(wei)護充電(dian)狀態下(xia)(xia),工(gong)作(zuo)原理(li)為U1C⑨腳(同相端(duan))電(dian)位低于(yu)⑧腳(反相端(duan)),U1C輸出低電(dian)位,T4截止(zhi).U1D 11 腳電(dian)位約(yue)0.18V．此(ci)時充電(dian)電(dian)流約(yue)250mA(恒流電(dian)路由(you)R14,U1D,T1B周邊外圍電(dian)路構成,恒流原理(li)讀者請自行(xing)分析)．

2. 快速充電:

       隨著維(wei)護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)繼(ji)續,電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓逐漸升高(gao),當電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓超(chao)過(guo)9V時,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器轉(zhuan)入大電(dian)(dian)流快充(chong)(chong)模式下,U1C⑨腳(jiao)(同相端)電(dian)(dian)位高(gao)于(yu)⑧腳(jiao)(反相端),U1C輸(shu)出高(gao)電(dian)(dian)位,T4導通,U1D 11 腳(jiao)電(dian)(dian)位約為0.48V,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器恒定輸(shu)出約1A電(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian).

3. 限壓浮充:

      當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池接近充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)時,充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器自(zi)動轉(zhuan)入限(xian)壓浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態下(限(xian)壓浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓設定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)13.8V,如為(wei)(wei)(wei)6V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池,則浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應(ying)設定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)6.9V), 此時的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流會由快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下逐(zhu)漸下降,至(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池完全(quan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)10~30mA,用以(yi)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池因自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)而損失的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量.

4. 保護(hu)及(ji)充(chong)電指示電路:

    本電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)設有(you)反(fan)(fan)極性保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu),由D4,U1C,U1D,T1及(ji)外圍元件構成,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)池反(fan)(fan)接(jie)時(shi),充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)限制輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)致發生事(shi)故(原理(li)請讀者(zhe)自(zi)行分析,或Email給作者(zhe)).充電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示由U1A,D7及(ji)外圍元件構成,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),D7點(dian)亮(liang),充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)進入浮充狀(zhuang)態后(hou),D7熄滅(mie),表(biao)示充電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束.

5. 本電(dian)路(lu)略為修改(gai)電(dian)路(lu)參(can)數即可任意調(diao)整充電(dian)電(dian)流,浮充電(dian)壓以(yi)滿足不同規(gui)格(ge)電(dian)池的需要(yao).

6. 物料清單如下

注:CF=碳膜電阻;MF=金(jin)屬膜電阻;M.O.F=金(jin)屬氧化(hua)膜電阻

*表示可根據需要調整的元件．
有鑒于此,設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸電池充電器.
7.實測充(chong)電器的充(chong)電曲(qu)線如下圖.