充電器是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)四大核(he)心部件(jian)之(zhi)一，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的好(hao)壞嚴重影響著蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)主要由(you)整流(liu)濾(lv)波、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開關、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)交換、恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制等幾個部分組成。其中整流(liu)濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的用途(tu)是(shi)將交流(liu)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)轉變為支流(liu)300V左右(you)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，通過高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)交換，產生充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時所需的低壓(ya)(ya)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，再由(you)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路控制后對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，采(cai)用這種方式(shi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)具有體積小(xiao)、重量(liang)輕、效(xiao)率高(gao)等優點。

充電器的使用和保養
       充電器的正確使用，不僅僅影響到充電器自身的可靠性和使用壽命，而且還會影響到電池的壽命。使用充電器對蓄電池充電時，請先插上充電器的輸出插頭，后插輸入插頭。充電時，充電器的電源指示燈顯示紅色，充電指示燈也顯示為紅色。充滿后，充電指示燈為綠色。停止充電時，請先拔下充電器的輸入插頭，后拔充電器的輸出插頭。通常情況下，對電池的過度放電和過度充電是有害的。因此，要勤充電，不要過充電。
       電池的使用壽命與其放電深度有很大的關系。鉛酸蓄電池尤其怕虧電放量。虧電電池使用過后請盡快充電。對于長期不使用的電池，應每隔15天左右對電池充電一次，以補償電池存放時的自放電電量的損失。
電池充電器在使用過程中需防潮、防濕，并放置在通風良好的地方。充電器工作時有一定的溫升，請注意散熱，通常充電時間在7-8小時，視電池的使用狀態而不同。
        充電(dian)器屬于(yu)較精(jing)密的(de)電(dian)子設備，因此，在使用中要(yao)注意防振動(dong)。盡量不要(yao)隨車(che)攜(xie)帶(dai)，如確要(yao)攜(xie)帶(dai)，應將充電(dian)器用減振材(cai)料包裝好后(hou)放置于(yu)車(che)上(shang)工具箱內，并應注

充電器的故障與檢修
一、輸出電壓正常，但充電電流很小
       遇到這種情況時，應該(gai)檢(jian)查(cha)電壓元(yuan)器件是否有接觸不良(liang)或損壞(huai)，如果(guo)一切(qie)正常，那么要更換(huan)充電器來排除(chu)故障。

二、嚴重發熱，甚至有外殼燒化變形現象
       這主要是(shi)部分用戶經常隨車攜帶充電(dian)器(qi)造成部分元器(qi)件松動引(yin)起的故障。主要表現(xian)為：電(dian)壓(ya)工作狀態不正常，熱量很大(da)，嚴重(zhong)時充電(dian)器(qi)外殼變形，電(dian)路(lu)板燒焦，導(dao)致電(dian)壓(ya)損壞(huai)。可將虛焊處重(zhong)新焊接好(hao)。如仍不能(neng)排(pai)除故障，則需檢查是(shi)否有元器(qi)件開路(lu)。

三、充電時電源指示燈亮，充電指示燈橙色
       首先請檢查一下充電器輸出插頭與電池盒的充電插頭有沒有插緊。如確定沒有問題，可檢查一下電池盒上面的保險絲是否有開路或保險絲座松動接觸不良現象。
另外，有的車型要把電池鎖打開后才能充電。如果以上故障均排除，考慮一下充電器輸出線是否開路，可用萬用表電壓檔（200V檔）測量一下充電器的空載輸出電壓，應為41-44V（配36V電池因充電器不同有所不同）如果沒有話，可能是充電器輸出線開路，并將充電器打開，換一根輸出線，即可排除故障。
注(zhu)意(yi)：在更換充電器的輸(shu)出線時，一定(ding)要注(zhu)意(yi)原機的正負極不要接反(fan)。

四、電源指示燈不亮，充電指示燈也不亮
       檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源插頭是(shi)否(fou)連接好(hao)(hao)(hao)，可將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸入(ru)(ru)插頭插至正常的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源插座中，若情況依舊，將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器外殼打開(kai)，觀察一下機(ji)內保險絲(si)連接是(shi)否(fou)完好(hao)(hao)(hao)，有(you)無斷(duan)路，如(ru)沒有(you)斷(duan)路，先檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸入(ru)(ru)線是(shi)否(fou)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，在排除電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸入(ru)(ru)線的(de)(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)后，應檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)一下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板上(shang)高壓區附近(jin)的(de)(de)元器件是(shi)否(fou)有(you)虛焊現象。另外，開(kai)路也會引起上(shang)述(shu)故障(zhang)(zhang)，如(ru)機(ji)內保險絲(si)已斷(duan)，則千萬(wan)不(bu)要更換大安(an)倍的(de)(de)保險絲(si)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)保險絲(si)管一般為2A），應重點檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)其元件有(you)無損壞，可用同(tong)類型的(de)(de)更換。

五、發熱量大，且伴有異常響聲，充不進電
       故障原因是輸出(chu)級消振阻容損(sun)壞所致(zhi)。另外，元器件的開路或虛焊(han)也會引起上述故障。

六、輸出部分銅箔燒斷
       打(da)開(kai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)后(hou)發現充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸出部分(fen)銅(tong)(tong)箔(bo)燒斷，這通常(chang)是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池正負極(ji)反接的結果，由此而引起(qi)的故障(zhang)(zhang)將(jiang)會導致充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)許多元器(qi)件(jian)損(sun)壞(huai)。如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)保(bao)險絲沒有(you)壞(huai)，則(ze)通常(chang)更換元器(qi)件(jian)后(hou)將(jiang)斷銅(tong)(tong)箔(bo)連(lian)上即(ji)可恢復正常(chang)。如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的保(bao)險絲已斷，則(ze)故障(zhang)(zhang)較嚴(yan)重，有(you)可能要逐(zhu)一(yi)檢(jian)查(cha)并(bing)更換各(ge)損(sun)壞(huai)元器(qi)件(jian)。

七、工作時有異常響聲，電源指示燈與充電指示燈暗且閃爍
       故障原因是元器件損壞，可更換損壞元器件，并使充電器輸出電壓在正常工作(zuo)范(fan)圍內。

八、輸出電壓很高
       輸出電壓很高（大于50V），其故障原因是某元器件短路或開路，具體判斷時可測量集成電路的腳電壓。
注(zhu)：更(geng)換后，應重新用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表測量車此(ci)時的充電器輸出(chu)電壓，正常值(zhi)應為41-44V之間(jian)，如果有偏(pian)差，須調(diao)整元(yuan)器件，使充電器輸出(chu)電壓保(bao)持正常。

九、充電器不充電的原因 
1）充電器保險絲燒壞，此時充電器各指示燈均不亮，需更換保險絲； 
2）電池保險絲熔斷，更換電池保險絲； 
3）電池組接線掉，在排除保險絲熔斷的情況下，用萬用表測量電池組端電壓，如無電壓輸出，則是電池組接線脫落或電池損壞； 
4）電池組充電插座壞，更換充電插座； 
5）充電(dian)器壞(huai)，此時(shi)充電(dian)器保險絲正常，用萬(wan)用表測量充電(dian)器輸(shu)出端電(dian)壓為零。