對于常常外出(chu)的人，每次(ci)出(chu)行都會發現(xian)行李中很(hen)大一(yi)部分重量(liang)是充電(dian)器(qi)，比如電(dian)腦(nao)、照相機、手機、剃須刀(dao)、MP3等(deng)，還會常常因為忘了帶某一(yi)個充電(dian)器(qi)而(er)備受折磨。可(ke)以(yi)想象，如果統一(yi)了充電(dian)器(qi)，機場、飯店和其他(ta)公共場所都可(ke)以(yi)隨意充電(dian)，可(ke)以(yi)省去(qu)多少(shao)麻煩(fan)。

　　當然，統(tong)一充電器(qi)的(de)好(hao)處不僅是方便。

　　隨著手機等電子產品的普及，其造成的電子垃圾問題也越來越引起人們關注。充電器往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)作(zuo)為產品(pin)的(de)附件一同出售。人們不(bu)斷(duan)更新(xin)這些電子產品(pin)，積累的(de)舊充電器(qi)數量(liang)巨大(da)卻又毫無用處。制(zhi)造和(he)運輸(shu)這些充電器(qi)的(de)過程不(bu)僅增加(jia)了成本也耗費(fei)了資(zi)源，同時污染了環境(jing)。

　　關(guan)于(yu)充電器(qi)不統一造成的能耗和污染，環保人士和專家多有提議。

　　例如，在(zai)環保(bao)壓(ya)力下，廠商(shang)推出的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗比系統，就旨(zhi)在(zai)倡(chang)導人們使(shi)(shi)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗更低(di)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器；也有專(zhuan)家不斷研究如何開發更高效的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，詳細介紹使(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)配合以達(da)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)最大使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命，希望以此減(jian)少(shao)環境危害；還(huan)(huan)有科學家欲設(she)計(ji)出利用(yong)耦合技術的(de)(de)無(wu)線充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器以解決(jue)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)老化問(wen)題；全(quan)球電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工程師協會(hui)還(huan)(huan)發起倡(chang)議，希望設(she)計(ji)出一個智能(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，該充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器可以識別不同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(如鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi))并采取(qu)最優化的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)對(dui)其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。美國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源部和(he)(he)全(quan)球電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工程師協會(hui)還(huan)(huan)共同資助(zhu)了一個這樣(yang)的(de)(de)項目。

　　統一(yi)充電器的(de)呼聲早已有之，那么(me)，為何遲(chi)遲(chi)不(bu)能統一(yi)？

　　2009年6月，歐(ou)洲(zhou)委(wei)員(yuan)會表(biao)示，全球(qiu)主要的手機生產商都同意統一歐(ou)洲(zhou)手機充電器，從(cong)2010年開始，歐(ou)洲(zhou)的充電器將統一標準。歐(ou)盟作(zuo)出了表(biao)率，但其(qi)具體實(shi)施結果還有待(dai)觀察。

　　今年初(chu)，在西(xi)班牙舉行的2009年世界移(yi)(yi)動通信博覽會上，GSM協(xie)(xie)會與17家移(yi)(yi)動運營(ying)商(shang)和制造商(shang)共同宣布，計劃將(jiang)(jiang)Micro-USB采用為通用充(chong)(chong)電(dian)接(jie)口。按(an)照(zhao)協(xie)(xie)定(ding)目標，自2012年1月1日(ri)起，所有上市(shi)的新(xin)手(shou)機款式，都將(jiang)(jiang)支持通用的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)連接(jie)器(qi)，而且(qie)新(xin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)將(jiang)(jiang)節能50%。

　　我們現(xian)在還(huan)無法預測，三(san)年后這項標(biao)準實(shi)行(xing)情況(kuang)如何(he)，究竟會(hui)有(you)多少廠家參與，新的充(chong)電(dian)器售價如何(he)，數量巨大的舊充(chong)電(dian)器如何(he)處理。此外(wai)，即使手機充(chong)電(dian)器真的實(shi)現(xian)統(tong)一(yi)，其他電(dian)子產品充(chong)電(dian)器的統(tong)一(yi)何(he)時才(cai)能實(shi)現(xian)？道路似(si)乎還(huan)非常漫長。

　　廈門大學中國能源經濟研究中心最近的一項研究，討論了統一充電器的困難。首(shou)先是既得利(li)益問題(ti)。據稱，諾基亞與手(shou)機相(xiang)關的銷(xiao)售和服務(wu)利(li)潤率近三年來維(wei)持在19%～20%。單(dan)看(kan)充電器銷(xiao)售一(yi)項的利(li)潤，可以發現，手(shou)機制造商(shang)的大(da)部分利(li)潤來源于(yu)這樣的配件銷(xiao)售和維(wei)修服務(wu)。難以統一(yi)的首(shou)要原因就在于(yu)，制造商(shang)在充電器上已(yi)經(jing)形(xing)成了龐大(da)的既有利(li)益。

　　其(qi)次來自于技術(shu)原因(yin)。不同的(de)制造商在電(dian)池及充電(dian)器上的(de)技術(shu)投入(ru)不同。如果(guo)統一，投入(ru)和收益如何劃分(fen)？手機(包括電(dian)池)本身不斷進步，例如更加(jia)輕薄，已經統一的(de)充電(dian)器是否(fou)可以(yi)適應手機和電(dian)池的(de)變(bian)化(hua)？

　　第三個原(yuan)因(yin)來自于(yu)事(shi)故責任的(de)(de)劃分。現有的(de)(de)手機免責條款(kuan)上一般會有這樣的(de)(de)提醒：如(ru)果使(shi)用非本品牌原(yuan)裝充電(dian)器，則由于(yu)充電(dian)時造(zao)成的(de)(de)諸如(ru)漏電(dian)、爆(bao)炸等(deng)損失(shi)，制造(zao)商(shang)概不負責。充電(dian)器統一以后，即使(shi)有完備的(de)(de)安全等(deng)標準，但一旦(dan)出(chu)了問題，誰(shui)來負責？