極客也未必知道：如何確保鋰電池長壽？ “鋰電池放電放得越盡，電池的損耗就會越大，”艾克郎大學，幫助美國太空總署NASA研究延長電池壽命的電子工程教授Tom Hartley，說到，“給電池充電充得越滿，電池的損耗也會越大。鋰電池最好是處于電量(liang)的中間狀態，那樣的話電池(chi)壽命最長。”

     哈勃(bo)太空望遠鏡上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)設(she)定(ding)在(zai)總容量(liang)(liang)百分(fen)之10,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數(shu)可達10萬(wan)次(ci) 首先,過(guo)(guo)高(gao)和(he)過(guo)(guo)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)狀態對(dui)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命有最不(bu)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,而充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環次(ci)數(shu)反而是次(ci)要 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。其實,大多數(shu)售賣電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上(shang)標識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可反復(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數(shu),都是以(yi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)百分(fen)之80為基準測試得出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。實驗表明,對(dui)于一些(xie)筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),經常讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya) 超(chao)過(guo)(guo)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)0.1伏特,即從4.1伏上(shang)升到(dao)4.2伏,那么(me)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命會(hui)減(jian)半,再提高(gao)0.1伏,則(ze)壽(shou)命減(jian)為原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3分(fen)之一;長(chang)期(qi)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)或者無電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態則(ze) 會(hui)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)移動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力越(yue)來越(yue)大,于是導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)變小。

    美國宇航局NASA讓其哈勃太空望遠鏡上電池的消耗電量設定在總容量的百分之10,以確保 電池可以反復充放電10萬次而不必更新。 其次,溫度對鋰電池壽命也有較大的影響(手機和其他小型電子設備對此點可忽略)。冰點以下的環境有可能使鋰電池在電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品打(da)開(kai)的(de)(de)瞬間燒毀(hui),而過熱(re)的(de)(de) 環境則會縮減電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)容量(liang)。因此,如果(guo)筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)使用外接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源也不將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池取下(xia)來,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池就長(chang)(chang)期(qi)處于筆(bi)記本(ben)排出的(de)(de)高熱(re)當中,更主(zhu)要的(de)(de)是,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池長(chang)(chang)期(qi)處于百分之(zhi)100 的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)狀態(tai),很快就會報廢(包括我自己的(de)(de)筆(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池就是這么玩(wan)完的(de)(de))。

 由以(yi)上,我們可以(yi)總結出以(yi)下幾點確(que)保鋰電池容量和壽命的(de)注意事(shi)項:

　 不需(xu)要將(jiang)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充到百分之100滿電(dian)(dian)(dian),更不要將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)使用(yong)(yong)殆盡。在情(qing)況(kuang)允(yun)許的情(qing)況(kuang)下,盡量(liang)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)維持在半滿狀(zhuang)態附近,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)與放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的幅度越(yue)小越(yue)好; 通用(yong)(yong)Chevy Volt電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的出廠設(she)計就是強(qiang)制(zhi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)維持在20%至(zhi)80%,而(er)蘋果筆電(dian)(dian)(dian)的內(nei)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)能也是運用(yong)(yong)了(le)這一方法(包括其他(ta)一些(xie)筆電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產品(pin)),讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的可(ke)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)周期數增加。

     不要將鋰電池(尤其是筆記本鋰電池)長期在設備使用外接電源的情況下工作。就算您的筆記本散熱良好,長期百分之100的電量就等于對鋰電池的謀殺。 1. 如果你長期用外接電源為筆記本電腦供電,或者電池電量已經超過80%,馬上取下你筆記本的電池、平時充電不需將電池充滿,充至80%左右即可;調整操作系統的電源選項,將電量警報調至20%以上,平時電池電量最低不要低于20%,在下降到20%以前即要進行充電; 2. 手機等小型電子設備,充好電了就應立刻斷開電源線(包括充電功能的USB接口),一直接著會損害電池;要經常充電,記起來就充,但不必非得把電池充滿; 3. 無論是對筆記本還是手機等,都一定不要讓電池耗盡; 4. 如果要外出旅行,把電池充滿吧,但請記得在條件允許的情況下隨時為電器充電,為了電池壽命,一定不要等到電池放干; 現今人們都擁有不少電子設備,其中很大一部分使用鋰電池,確保電(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命非常實用。畢竟電(dian)池(chi)(chi)報廢了還要回(hui)收處理,否(fou)則就會對環境造成嚴重污(wu)染。