一、蓄電池的安裝

　　蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池一般采用串聯方式(shi)使用，即一只蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)與另一只蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)連(lian)，將所有(you)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池連(lian)在一起(qi)，最后余下正(zheng)(zheng)負(fu)接線端子與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車對應(ying)接線相(xiang)連(lian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機、控制器、儀表等是蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)載。

　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)一般都(dou)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒，從安(an)裝位置(zhi)分(fen)有斜(xie)杠(gang)式，后插式和底(di)盤式安(an)裝，其(qi)結構形(xing)狀可謂五花八(ba)門。每家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)廠都(dou)各有特色。如圖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒一般用(yong)工程塑(su)料制成，其(qi)強度較好(hao)，重(zhong)量(liang)較輕，安(an)裝方便。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒一般由底(di)槽、上(shang)蓋、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)接觸點及充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)插座、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)鎖等組成。底(di)槽與上(shang)蓋扣(kou)緊，并用(yong)自攻螺絲或螺栓緊固。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)盒是按蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)型(xing)號規格進行設(she)計的(de)，在整車(che)(che)設(she)計時(shi)應考慮其(qi)良好(hao)的(de)散熱性(xing)能(neng)。

    二、蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)

　　“蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不是用(yong)壞的而是充壞的”，這(zhe)一說法絕非危言聳聽，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)性能好(hao)壞對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命和(he)使(shi)用(yong)性能起著舉足輕重的作用(yong)，必須重視。

 　　1、蓄電池對充電工藝的(de)要求

　　認識蓄電池對充電工藝的基本要求，是分析各種電池充電器技術的基礎。蓄電池對蓄電池充電器充電(dian)(dian)的基本要求是：充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)應(ying)小(xiao)于(yu)或等于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可接(jie)收充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。否(fou)則，過(guo)剩的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會使電(dian)(dian)解(jie)水液(ye)過(guo)快地(di)消耗掉，產(chan)生以下危害：加大蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的失水率，增加維(wei)護工(gong)作量(liang)，對于(yu)免維(wei)護電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，會造成蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的早期失效(xiao)；產(chan)生酸霧，造成環境污染，危害工(gong)人身體健康；使充電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率降低，造成能源的嚴重浪費。

　　充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，是放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)(fan)應的(de)逆反(fan)(fan)應過(guo)程，如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)(fan)應過(guo)程在理想(xiang)的(de)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)進行(xing)，這個過(guo)程應該(gai)是互為逆反(fan)(fan)應，即充(chong)(chong)(chong)入的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)與放出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)應基本相等。但在嚴(yan)重析氣的(de)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)，有效充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)(fan)應過(guo)程消耗的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)達不(bu)到(dao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)40%，即浪(lang)費電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)60%以上。

　　氣體的(de)產(chan)生聚集在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池多孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極內部，減少了電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質與多孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)接觸面積(ji)，即(ji)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)應界面大幅度減小，使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)應速度降低，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)十(shi)分(fen)困難(nan)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間延長。

　　嚴重的析氣(qi)會(hui)損害蓄電(dian)池(chi)：

      ①大量氣體的(de)產生對極板活(huo)性(xing)物有沖刷(shua)作用，使(shi)活(huo)性(xing)物質容易松軟(ruan)和脫落。

      ②在較高(gao)的(de)極(ji)化電(dian)(dian)壓下，正極(ji)板的(de)板柵(zha)會產(chan)生(sheng)嚴重(zhong)腐蝕(shi)，生(sheng)成Pb02，這種(zhong)腐蝕(shi)物與電(dian)(dian)化學生(sheng)存(cun)的(de)Pb02是完全不同的(de)，是一種(zhong)不可逆的(de)氧(yang)化物，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)較差，并使板柵(zha)變(bian)形(xing)，脆裂，失去骨架(jia)和導(dao)電(dian)(dian)作用。因此(ci)在充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)應盡可能(neng)防止過充電(dian)(dian)。

 　　長期充電不(bu)足，未反應(ying)的活性(xing)物質會(hui)產生不(bu)可(ke)逆的高陽性(xing)的大(da)(da)顆粒PbS04晶(jing)粒(即不(bu)可(ke)逆硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽化)使蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)容量下(xia)降，內阻加大(da)(da)，充電難度(du)加大(da)(da)，造成蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)早期損(sun)壞(huai)。因此(ci)，蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)要盡量保證充足電，防止不(bu)可(ke)逆硫(liu)(liu)酸鹽化。

 　　2、充電(dian)頻次的選擇(ze)

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)深度對(dui)循環壽命(ming)影(ying)響很(hen)大，基本呈指(zhi)數變化。這是由于正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)活性物(wu)為(wei)Pb02，其(qi)結(jie)合牢度不(bu)高，放電(dian)(dian)時轉化成PbS04充電(dian)(dian)時又轉化成P，而(er)P的體積遠(yuan)比P體積大(其(qi)體積之比約為(wei)2:1)。因此，對(dui)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)板而(er)言(yan)，活性物(wu)將會膨脹(zhang)收縮反復(fu)進行，使其(qi)粒子之間的連(lian)接逐漸脫落，使蓄電(dian)(dian)池活性物(wu)失去放電(dian)(dian)特性成為(wei)“陽極(ji)(ji)泥”，使蓄電(dian)(dian)池性能下降，直至壽命(ming)終止。放電(dian)(dian)深度越(yue)深，膨脹(zhang)收縮量越(yue)大，對(dui)活性物(wu)結(jie)合力破(po)壞越(yue)大，壽命(ming)越(yue)短(duan)；反之則循環壽命(ming)越(yue)長。

　　從理論上講蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用時應盡量(liang)避(bi)免深(shen)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，應做(zuo)到(dao)淺(qian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前提是有(you)特別匹(pi)配的鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)與之匹(pi)配。但是實際使(shi)用中，由(you)于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)性能和蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池本身的離散及(ji)(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)習慣(guan)及(ji)(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度影響，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓均比較高(gao)，或多或少(shao)都存(cun)在過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。特別是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)多數在夜間(jian)進行，時間(jian)一般在6-10小時，平均8小時左(zuo)右，若是淺(qian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，其(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)很快就(jiu)會(hui)到(dao)達末期，這時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率變低，會(hui)產生過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)比較長，加(jia)上頻繁充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，就(jiu)會(hui)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命因充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)到(dao)較大影響。

　　最(zui)理想的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)要求根(gen)據實際情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)而定(ding)，要參(can)考平時運(yun)行頻(pin)率、里(li)(li)程(cheng)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)、蓄電(dian)池廠提供的說明，以及(ji)配(pei)套的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器性能等參(can)數制定(ding)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)頻(pin)次(ci)。按絕大多(duo)數用戶的情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)，蓄電(dian)池以放電(dian)深度為50%-70%時充(chong)(chong)一次(ci)電(dian)最(zui)佳，這樣(yang)可使蓄電(dian)池壽命達到最(zui)佳效果(guo)。實際使用時可折算成(cheng)騎行里(li)(li)程(cheng)，在需要時充(chong)(chong)一次(ci)。

　　3、溫度對充電(dian)的影響

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在高(gao)溫季節運行，主要存在過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度增(zeng)高(gao)時(shi)，各活性物質的(de)活度增(zeng)加，正極析氧(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位一下(xia)降(jiang)，負極析氧(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位也下(xia)降(jiang)(負值(zhi)下(xia)降(jiang))，因此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)反應速度快，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)需要的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較低(di)。為(wei)防止過高(gao)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，應盡量降(jiang)低(di)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度，保證良好散(san)熱(re)，防止在烈日(ri)暴曬后即充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并應遠離熱(re)源。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，各活性物質活度降(jiang)低(di)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上的(de)P溶解變得(de)困難，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)消耗P后(hou)很難得(de)到補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，所充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大幅(fu)度下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，正極板在(zai)-20℃時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅為(wei)常溫(wen)(wen)的(de)70%，而負極充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受(shou)膨脹(zhang)劑的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，低(di)溫(wen)(wen)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受(shou)能力更(geng)低(di)，-20℃的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)僅為(wei)常溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)的(de)40%。因此，低(di)溫(wen)(wen)條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要存在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受(shou)能力差、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足的(de)問題(ti)，要求提高充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和延長(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)。改善低(di)溫(wen)(wen)性能主要應從負極著(zhu)手(shou)。低(di)溫(wen)(wen)使用時(shi)應采取保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)防凍措施，特別是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)應放在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)暖的(de)環境(jing)中，有利于保(bao)證充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，防止不(bu)可逆(ni)硫酸的(de)產(chan)生(sheng)，延長(chang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用壽命(ming)。

　　蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)存(cun)儲(chu)和使(shi)用期間(jian)，可(ke)定期進(jin)行活(huo)化充電(dian)，即所謂(wei)的(de)均衡充電(dian)，這(zhe)對(dui)防止(zhi)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)可(ke)逆硫酸(suan)鹽化非常有(you)利，對(dui)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用壽(shou)命很有(you)好處，值得提倡。

　　三(san)、蓄(xu)電池(chi)的使用(yong)注意事項

　　1、防止過放電

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后，繼續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)會嚴重損害蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)能及循環(huan)壽(shou)命(ming)極(ji)為不利。

　　蓄電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)壓時內(nei)阻(zu)較大(da)，電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液濃(nong)度(du)非常稀薄(bo)，特別(bie)是極板(ban)孔內(nei)及表面幾乎處于中(zhong)性，過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)時內(nei)阻(zu)有(you)發(fa)熱傾向(xiang)，體(ti)積膨(peng)脹(zhang)，放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流較大(da)時，明顯發(fa)熱(甚(shen)至出現(xian)發(fa)熱變形)，這時硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛濃(nong)度(du)特別(bie)大(da)，生(sheng)存晶枝短路(lu)的可能性增大(da)，況且此時硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉛會結晶成較大(da)顆粒，即形成不可逆(ni)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鹽化(hua)，將(jiang)進一步增大(da)內(nei)阻(zu)，充電(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)能力(li)很差，甚(shen)至無法(fa)修復(fu)。

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用時應防止過放電(dian)(dian)，采取“欠壓保護(hu)”是(shi)(shi)很有效的(de)(de)措施(shi)。另外(wai)，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)“欠壓保護(hu)”是(shi)(shi)由(you)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)，但控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器以(yi)外(wai)的(de)(de)其他一(yi)些設(she)備如(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓表、指示燈等耗電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)器是(shi)(shi)由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池直接(jie)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)，其電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)給一(yi)般不(bu)受控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)鎖(開關)一(yi)旦(dan)合(he)上就開始用電(dian)(dian)。雖然電(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)，但若長時間(jian)放電(dian)(dian)(1-2周)就會(hui)出現過放電(dian)(dian)。因此(ci)，不(bu)得(de)長時間(jian)開鎖，不(bu)用時應立即關掉。

　　2、防止過充電

　　前(qian)面已(yi)經對過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進行(xing)了闡述(shu)，過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會加(jia)大蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)水損失，會加(jia)速(su)板柵(zha)腐蝕，活性物質軟化，會增加(jia)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)變形的(de)幾率。應(ying)盡量避免過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)發生；選擇充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器參數要(yao)與蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)良好匹配，要(yao)充(chong)分了解(jie)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)高溫(wen)(wen)季節的(de)運(yun)行(xing)狀況(kuang)，以(yi)及整個使(shi)(shi)用壽命期間的(de)變化情況(kuang)。使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)(shi)不要(yao)將蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)置(zhi)于過(guo)熱環境(jing)中，特別是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)遠離(li)熱源。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)受熱后要(yao)采取降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)措施，待蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恢復(fu)正常(chang)時(shi)(shi)方(fang)可(ke)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)安裝位(wei)置(zhi)應(ying)盡可(ke)能保證良好散熱，發現過(guo)熱時(shi)(shi)應(ying)停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進行(xing)檢(jian)查(cha)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)較淺時(shi)(shi)或環境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)偏高時(shi)(shi)應(ying)縮短(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間。

　　3、防止短路

　　蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)狀態時，其短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流可達數百安(an)培。短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸越(yue)牢，短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流越(yue)大(da)(da)，因此(ci)所有連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)部(bu)分(fen)都會(hui)產生大(da)(da)量(liang)熱量(liang)，在薄弱環(huan)節(jie)發熱量(liang)更大(da)(da)，會(hui)將連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)處熔(rong)斷(duan)，產生短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)局(ju)部(bu)可能(neng)產生可爆(bao)氣體(或充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時集存的可爆(bao)氣體)，在連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)處熔(rong)斷(duan)時產生火花，會(hui)引(yin)起蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)爆(bao)炸；若(ruo)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時間較短(duan)(duan)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不是特(te)別大(da)(da)時，可能(neng)不會(hui)引(yin)起連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)處熔(rong)斷(duan)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，但短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)仍(reng)會(hui)有過熱現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，會(hui)損壞連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)條周圍的粘(zhan)結劑，使其留下漏液等隱(yin)患。因此(ci)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)絕(jue)對不能(neng)有短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)產生，在安(an)裝或使用(yong)時應(ying)特(te)別小(xiao)心，所用(yong)工具應(ying)采取絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)措施，連(lian)線時應(ying)先將電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以外的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)連(lian)好，經檢(jian)查無(wu)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，最后連(lian)上蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，布線規范應(ying)良好絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)，防止重疊受壓產生破裂。

　　4、防止連接松(song)動(dong)和不牢

　　若接(jie)觸不(bu)牢(lao)，程度較(jiao)輕(qing)，會(hui)發(fa)生導電(dian)不(bu)良，使(shi)其線路(lu)(lu)接(jie)觸部(bu)(bu)位發(fa)熱，線路(lu)(lu)損耗較(jiao)大(da)(da)，輸出電(dian)壓(ya)偏低，影(ying)響電(dian)機功率，使(shi)行(xing)駛(shi)里程減少或(huo)不(bu)能正常騎行(xing)；若在接(jie)線端子部(bu)(bu)件接(jie)觸不(bu)牢(lao)(絕大(da)(da)多(duo)數(shu)故障是(shi)(shi)在接(jie)線端與連線接(jie)頭部(bu)(bu)位)，端子會(hui)大(da)(da)量(liang)發(fa)熱，影(ying)響端子與密封膠的結(jie)合，時間一長(chang)就會(hui)發(fa)生漏液“爬酸(suan)”現象。若在行(xing)駛(shi)過程或(huo)充電(dian)過程中(zhong)出現接(jie)觸不(bu)牢(lao)，可能產生斷路(lu)(lu)，斷路(lu)(lu)時會(hui)產生強(qiang)烈的火(huo)(huo)花，可能點爆(bao)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部(bu)(bu)的可爆(bao)氣(qi)體(ti)（特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)剛充好(hao)電(dian)的蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，因電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內可爆(bao)氣(qi)體(ti)較(jiao)多(duo)，且蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)量(liang)足，斷路(lu)(lu)時火(huo)(huo)花較(jiao)強(qiang)烈，爆(bao)炸的可能性(xing)相當大(da)(da)。）

　　電動車在運行時要(yao)承受較為(wei)強烈的(de)(de)振動，因(yin)此，應(ying)對(dui)所有連接(jie)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性進(jin)行考(kao)核，接(jie)插(cha)(cha)件應(ying)帶“自(zi)鎖”功能，防止振動和拉(la)動時脫落，對(dui)與蓄(xu)電池接(jie)線片的(de)(de)連線應(ying)采取接(jie)插(cha)(cha)件，并用(yong)焊(han)錫(xi)將(jiang)其焊(han)牢，接(jie)插(cha)(cha)件與連線應(ying)用(yong)壓接(jie)方式（也可(ke)壓接(jie)后再用(yong)焊(han)錫(xi)焊(han)一(yi)遍增加可(ke)靠性）。