現代電動自行車是融合電力電子、機械、控制、材料以及化工等領域各種新技術的綜合產品。我國電動自行車發展的總體目標是生產出在性能和價格上都能媲美于燃油助動車的適合于城市交通的綠色輕便代步工具。實現這一目標的關鍵在于開發高性能、低成本、安全可靠的動力蓄電池。盡管目前電池儲能技術還沒有得到相應的發展。但新型蓄電池如氫鎳電池、鋰電池、鋅―空氣電池和燃料電池的問世和快速電池充電器技術的發明，為電動自行(xing)車最終(zhong)取代燃油助(zhu)動車提供了樂觀(guan)的保證。

     電氣傳(chuan)動(dong)系統

     1、電動自行車對電氣(qi)傳動系統(tong)的要求

     電(dian)氣傳(chuan)動(dong)系統是(shi)電(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行車的驅(qu)動(dong)和控制中心，其(qi)系統結構如圖(tu)1所示(shi)(shi)。對其(qi)要求是(shi)：結構簡(jian)單，外形尺(chi)寸(cun)小(xiao)(xiao)，重量(liang)輕，效率(lv)高，免維(wei)護(hu)(hu)或少(shao)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)。電(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行車的電(dian)機應具有高功率(lv)密度和圖(tu)2所示(shi)(shi)的矩(ju)―轉速(su)特性(xing)：基速(su)以(yi)下大轉矩(ju)，適應車輛負(fu)荷爬坡、頻繁起制動(dong)等要求；基速(su)以(yi)上小(xiao)(xiao)轉矩(ju)、恒(heng)功率(lv)，保證(zheng)車輛在(zai)平坦(tan)路面上快速(su)騎行。同時，電(dian)機在(zai)整個轉矩(ju)―轉速(su)運行范圍內應保持高效率(lv)，以(yi)謀(mou)求電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)次充電(dian)后的續駛里程(cheng)盡可能長。2、無刷直(zhi)流電(dian)機的控制規律(lv)

     無(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)具有很高的(de)能量密(mi)度，其(qi)體(ti)積僅(jin)為(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)同功率普(pu)通(tong)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)50％，且重量輕、效率高。用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)永磁(ci)無(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)有兩類：內轉子和(he)(he)外轉子，其(qi)中(zhong)外轉子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)更適合構(gou)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪毅，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)中(zhong)有較多應用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)主(zhu)要在(zai)市區(qu)騎(qi)行(xing)(xing)，車(che)(che)速不高，并且起(qi)、停頻繁，因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)普(pu)遍采用(yong)多極三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)結構(gou)。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)為(wei)雙(shuang)(shuang)向(xiang)DC／AC變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)，車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)前(qian)進(jin)時，變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)況；車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時，變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)況，實現(xian)再生(sheng)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，將機(ji)械(xie)能轉換成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能反饋(kui)(kui)回蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。圖3是(shi)(shi)由(you)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)、轉子位(wei)置檢測(ce)器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)永磁(ci)同步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)構(gou)成的(de)永磁(ci)無(wu)刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)原理圖。其(qi)中(zhong)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞繞組(zu)提供(gong)雙(shuang)(shuang)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)路，Ui的(de)大(da)小和(he)(he)極性決(jue)定(ding)了驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉矩(ju)的(de)數(shu)值和(he)(he)方向(xiang)，即車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)是(shi)(shi)前(qian)進(jin)還是(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)負(fu)反饋(kui)(kui)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)轉矩(ju)跟隨給定(ding)指令Ui變(bian)(bian)化，可(ke)有效地(di)提高車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)的(de)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)性。限于(yu)目前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)儲能水平，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)上采用(yong)再生(sheng)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)技術是(shi)(shi)增加一次充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛里程的(de)有效方法。該技術目前(qian)還處(chu)于(yu)研究開(kai)發階(jie)段。

     3、減速(su)系統的作(zuo)用

     對于相同功率(lv)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，額(e)定轉速(su)(su)越高，其(qi)額(e)定轉矩和對應(ying)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)越小，減(jian)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可(ke)降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的銅耗和渦流(liu)(liu)損耗，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機效率(lv)。采(cai)用配(pei)有(you)減(jian)速(su)(su)裝(zhuang)置的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣傳動(dong)系(xi)統，可(ke)改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)的低(di)速(su)(su)動(dong)力性(xing)能，保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機始(shi)終工作在高速(su)(su)、高效狀態，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池處于小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最佳工況，帶有(you)減(jian)速(su)(su)系(xi)統的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機是將機械減(jian)速(su)(su)裝(zhuang)置和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機合成(cheng)一體化的含油電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機輪(lun)毅。直接車(che)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)采(cai)用低(di)速(su)(su)大(da)轉矩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，車(che)輛(liang)低(di)速(su)(su)前(qian)行時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增(zeng)大(da)，效率(lv)降(jiang)低(di)；蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)，直接影響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用壽(shou)命。但直接車(che)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)方式結構簡單，價格便宜，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車(che)上被(bei)廣泛采(cai)用。　

     蓄電池及(ji)其(qi)應用技術(shu)

     1、蓄電池

     蓄電(dian)池及其(qi)應(ying)用水平始(shi)終是制約包括(kuo)電(dian)動自行車在內的(de)(de)電(dian)動車輛進步的(de)(de)瓶頸。世界各主要工業國(guo)家(jia)紛紛投入巨大的(de)(de)人力(li)、物力(li)、財力(li)開發高(gao)能量、低價格的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池，日前(qian)已達到(dao)實用程度的(de)(de)新型蓄電(dian)池性(xing)能比較見表一。

     鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)不適合(he)大功率連續(xu)放電(dian)，成(cheng)組一致(zhi)性差，深度循環會降低能(neng)量(liang)轉換率和(he)縮(suo)短使用壽命，但(dan)它的(de)價(jia)格優(you)勢是(shi)無可辯駁的(de)。并且改(gai)進后的(de)免(mian)維護全(quan)密封閥(fa)控式鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，其比能(neng)量(liang)、比功率、快速充電(dian)性能(neng)等指標均(jun)較(jiao)傳統(tong)的(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)有大幅度提(ti)高，因此鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)仍是(shi)我國電(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)車目前的(de)首選動(dong)力源。

     電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的主要要求是；高能量密度，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車有(you)較長(chang)的一(yi)次充電(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛里程；高功率密度，賦予電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車良好的起動、加速、爬(pa)坡性能；長(chang)壽(shou)命，可有(you)效(xiao)降低(di)

表一：

特? 性

鉛酸型電池

?鎘鎳電池

?氫鎳電池

鋰離子電池

比能量/Wh.kg-1

35

55

60

120

能量密度(du)/Wh.L-1

65

85

140

250

單元電壓/V?

2.0

1.2

1.2

3.7

放電曲線

平坦

平坦

平坦

平坦

循環壽命/次

150~140

500~1000

500~1000

?600~1000

月自放電率/%

6

15

25

5

制造(zao)成本/（美元/kWh）

75-150

100-200??

230-500

120-200

記憶效應??

?有

?有

無

無

環境保護

有污染

有污染

?無污染

?無污染

安全性

安全

安全

安全

潛在問題

研制生產情況

生產中

生產中

生產中

實驗中

     車輛的(de)(de)運(yun)行成本(ben)。目前還沒有(you)一(yi)(yi)種蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能夠全(quan)面(mian)滿足上述要(yao)求，但(dan)近年來(lai)突飛猛進的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)制造技術向(xiang)人(ren)們推出了各具特色的(de)(de)新型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，如：比能量80Wh/kg、比功(gong)率(lv)(lv)100W／kg的(de)(de)鈉硫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，重量輕、功(gong)率(lv)(lv)密(mi)度大的(de)(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，可(ke)以“再(zai)生(sheng)”方式(shi)置(zhi)換陽極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)(de)鋅―空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，以及能量轉(zhuan)換效率(lv)(lv)高達80％的(de)(de)燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。這些新型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)出現打破了鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一(yi)(yi)統天下的(de)(de)格局，正如美國先進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)聯合體(usABc)預言的(de)(de)那樣(yang)：鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是成熟的(de)(de)，但(dan)其性能提高的(de)(de)潛(qian)力(li)有(you)限，氫鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是一(yi)(yi)種較好的(de)(de)中(zhong)期解決方案，而鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)則是未來(lai)的(de)(de)希(xi)望。

     2、電池應用技術(shu)

     1967年由美國科學家J．A．Mas提出了蓄電池充電器的麥氏三定律，從而奠定了電池充電器的理論(lun)基礎。以此為(wei)基礎，人(ren)們(men)建立了脈(mo)沖去(qu)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，其核(he)心思想是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中適(shi)時地加(jia)入放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖，消除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。實(shi)踐證(zheng)明：與傳統充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式相比(bi)，采用脈(mo)沖去(qu)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式不但可以實(shi)現(xian)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)而且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池循環壽(shou)命會延長(chang)。因此，脈(mo)沖去(qu)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式成為(wei)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術的主流方式。美國、英國、加(jia)拿(na)大(da)等國家在(zai)20世紀80年代初就(jiu)研(yan)制(zhi)出了由微機(ji)控制(zhi)的，可向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車提供應(ying)急充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務的公用充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。雖然目(mu)前(qian)還沒有關(guan)于超快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的行(xing)(xing)業標(biao)準，但公認的準則是在(zai)15min內向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)他(ta)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)30％-50％的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，30min內補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)80％的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量760min內完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。例(li)如(ru)：加(jia)拿(na)大(da)Norvik。

     Traction的(de)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，最大輸出(chu)功率150kW，可以同時(shi)給6個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，15min內給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池補充(chong)(chong)(chong)50％的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，其價格約10萬(wan)美元。目前我國還沒有實(shi)用(yong)化(hua)的(de)公用(yong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池配套使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器以家用(yong)夜充(chong)(chong)(chong)型為主(zhu)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)8-10h，快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)2-4h。

     電池電量檢測和電池能量管理系統是繼電池充電器充(chong)電技(ji)術之(zhi)后，電池(chi)(chi)應用(yong)中的(de)(de)另兩個(ge)主(zhu)要問題。車載電池(chi)(chi)電員檢(jian)測系(xi)統(tong)既有(you)(you)(you)傳統(tong)燃油(you)(you)汽車的(de)(de)油(you)(you)量(liang)計作(zuo)用(yong)，又有(you)(you)(you)防止電池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)、過放的(de)(de)監測環(huan)節。用(yong)于(yu)電動車車輛的(de)(de)電池(chi)(chi)能量(liang)管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)有(you)(you)(you)：(1)對車載用(yong)電系(xi)統(tong)進行管(guan)制(zhi)，達到電能合理分配使用(yong)，最(zui)終(zhong)實現(xian)(xian)節能目(mu)的(de)(de)；(2)監控(kong)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)狀態，防止電池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)、過放，及時(shi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)嚴重(zhong)損壞的(de)(de)單元電池(chi)(chi)，并采取應急措(cuo)施防止故障擴大(da)；(3)記錄(lu)無放電數據，實現(xian)(xian)優化充(chong)電。

     國內外電動自(zi)行車(che)

     性能比(bi)較

     電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)是全(quan)世界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)工業中發展最(zui)快的(de)(de)(de)。目(mu)前，日本的(de)(de)(de)松下(xia)、三菱重(zhong)工、雅馬哈、本田(tian)，德國的(de)(de)(de)奔馳(chi)、大(da)(da)眾，美(mei)(mei)國的(de)(de)(de)艾科卡等(deng)已致力(li)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)規模化生(sheng)產。其產品以助力(li)型(power asistant system，簡稱PAs)為主(zhu)，pas的(de)(de)(de)特點是把(ba)人(ren)力(li)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能在(zai)(zai)不需要特殊操作的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)巧(qiao)妙地結合起來：當車(che)(che)速(su)(su)小于20km／h的(de)(de)(de)，助力(li)比(bi)為1：1；車(che)(che)速(su)(su)大(da)(da)于20km／h時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)自(zi)動(dong)切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)依(yi)靠人(ren)力(li)騎(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。顯然助力(li)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)不在(zai)(zai)于提高(gao)速(su)(su)度，而是在(zai)(zai)保(bao)證安全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia)通過減小騎(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)負(fu)荷達到節約騎(qi)車(che)(che)人(ren)體力(li)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)以全(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)型為主(zhu)，其主(zhu)要參(can)數為最(zui)高(gao)時速(su)(su)20km/h、工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)24v/36v，一次無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)續駛里程40-55km，整車(che)(che)重(zhong)量35-38kg，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)功率130-180W，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)普遍采(cai)用(yong)(yong)永磁(ci)無(wu)刷(shua)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，其控制器選用(yong)(yong)功率MosFET為主(zhu)開關管(guan)，具有限流、欠壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)過熱和(he)剎(cha)車(che)(che)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)保(bao)護(hu)功能。縱觀(guan)國內外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)發展情(qing)況，就電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)自(zi)身而言(yan)，國產車(che)(che)、進口車(che)(che)并無(wu)明顯差(cha)距，但國產電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)有明顯的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)優勢，一般在(zai)(zai)人(ren)民幣3000-4000元/輛(liang)(liang)(liang)，而美(mei)(mei)國達到1800美(mei)(mei)元/輛(liang)(liang)(liang)，歐洲(zhou)達2000美(mei)(mei)元/輛(liang)(liang)(liang)，日本650-1500美(mei)(mei)元/輛(liang)(liang)(liang)。

     我(wo)國電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)產業(ye)的發展有別于其它家(jia)電(dian)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)，它一開始就(jiu)在走國產化的道路(lu)。中國的電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)有著(zhu)光(guang)明的市場前景。相信隨著(zhu)電(dian)池儲能技(ji)術的改(gai)進和應用水平(ping)的提高(gao)，電(dian)動(dong)自行(xing)(xing)車(che)一定能成為城市綠色(se)代步工(gong)具。