12v電動車充電器電路圖
由于密封鉛酸蓄電池的諸多優點,因此獲得了廣泛應用.然而密封鉛酸蓄電池的充電技術似乎不被看重,因充電方式不合理而造成電池過早報廢的情況普遍存在.有鑒于此,筆者設計制作了一款二階段恒流限壓式鉛酸蓄電池充電器。
電瓶充電器原理如下圖:
充電過程分析:
1.維護充電:
當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低(di)時(shi)(可設(she)定,本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)預(yu)設(she)在9V以下),充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器工作(zuo)在小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)維護充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下,工作(zuo)原理(li)為(wei)U1C⑨腳(同相端(duan))電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)低(di)于(yu)⑧腳(反(fan)相端(duan)),U1C輸出(chu)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei),T4截(jie)止。U1D 11 腳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)約0.18V.此時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)約250mA(恒(heng)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由R14,U1D,T1B周邊(bian)外圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)構成(cheng),恒(heng)流(liu)原理(li)讀者請自行分(fen)析(xi)).
2. 快速(su)充電:
隨著維護充電繼續,電池電壓逐漸升高,當電池電壓超過9V時,充電器轉入大電流快充模式下,U1C⑨腳(同相端)電位高于⑧腳(反相端),U1C輸出高電位,T4導通,U1D 11 腳電位約為0.48V,充電器恒定輸(shu)出(chu)約1A電流給電池(chi)充電。
3. 限(xian)壓浮充(chong):
當電(dian)(dian)池(chi)接近充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)時,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)自動(dong)轉入限壓浮(fu)充(chong)狀態(tai)下(xia)(限壓浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓設定為13.8V,如為6V蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi),則浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓應設定為6.9V), 此時的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流會由快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下(xia)逐漸(jian)下(xia)降,至電(dian)(dian)池(chi)完全充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)后,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流僅(jin)為10~30mA,用(yong)以補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)因(yin)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)而損(sun)失的(de)電(dian)(dian)量。
4. 保護及充電(dian)指(zhi)示電(dian)路:
本電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設(she)有反(fan)極性保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路,由D4,U1C,U1D,T1及(ji)外圍元件(jian)構成,當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池反(fan)接時,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器限(xian)制輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)致發生(sheng)事故(gu)。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)指示由U1A,D7及(ji)外圍元件(jian)構成,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時,D7點亮,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器進入(ru)浮充狀態后,D7熄滅(mie),表(biao)示充電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束。
5. 本電路略為修改電路參數即可任意調整充電電流,浮充電壓以滿足不同規格電池的需要。