電動車電池使用注意事項及如何提高電動車電池壽命
第一、定期深放電。
定期對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)深放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是有利于"活(huo)化"電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),可以(yi)略微提升(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容量(liang)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)方(fang)法(fa)是,定期對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)是在(zai)平坦(tan)路面正常負(fu)荷的(de)條(tiao)件下騎車到第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)欠(qian)壓保(bao)護(hu)。注意,我們特(te)別強調第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)欠(qian)壓保(bao)護(hu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)欠(qian)壓保(bao)護(hu)以(yi)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)經過(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間以(yi)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓還會(hui)上升(sheng)(sheng),又(you)恢復(fu)到非欠(qian)壓狀態(tai),注意不要過(guo)渡放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),過(guo)渡放(fang)點也會(hui)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)造(zao)成損害。在(zai)完(wan)成完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)后,對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行完(wan)全(quan)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。會(hui)感覺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)有所(suo)提升(sheng)(sheng)。
第二、及時充電。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)后就開(kai)始(shi)了(le)硫(liu)化過(guo)程(cheng),在12小時(shi)開(kai)始(shi),就出現(xian)了(le)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)化。及(ji)(ji)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),可(ke)以(yi)清除不(bu)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)硫(liu)化,如果不(bu)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),這些(xie)(xie)硫(liu)化結晶將要(yao)聚(ju)積而逐步(bu)形成粗大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結晶,一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器對這些(xie)(xie)粗大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結晶是(shi)無能為力的(de)(de)(de)(de),會逐步(bu)形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)下降,縮短(duan)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽命(ming)。所以(yi),除了(le)每天充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)外,還要(yao)注意,使用完了(le)以(yi)后要(yao)盡早的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),盡可(ke)能使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于飽滿(man)狀態。
第三、每天都充電。
即便您(nin)的(de)(de)續行(xing)能力要求不長(chang),充(chong)一次電(dian)(dian)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)2到3天(tian)(tian),但是還是建議您(nin)每(mei)天(tian)(tian)都充(chong)電(dian)(dian),這樣使(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)處于淺循環狀態,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)壽命(ming)會延長(chang)。一些早期使(shi)用(yong)(yong)手機用(yong)(yong)戶以(yi)(yi)為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)最好(hao)是基本使(shi)用(yong)(yong)完(wan)了以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian),這個看(kan)法是不對的(de)(de),鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)記憶效(xiao)益(yi)沒有那么強烈。經常放完(wan)電(dian)(dian)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)壽命(ming)影響比較大。多數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)在指示燈(deng)(deng)變(bian)燈(deng)(deng)指示充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)可(ke)能是97%~99%。雖然(ran)僅僅欠充(chong)電(dian)(dian)1%~3%的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang),對續行(xing)能力的(de)(de)影響幾乎可(ke)以(yi)(yi)忽略,但是也(ye)會形(xing)成欠充(chong)電(dian)(dian)積累(lei),所以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)變(bian)燈(deng)(deng)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)還是盡可(ke)能繼續進行(xing)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian),對抑制電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)硫(liu)化也(ye)是有好(hao)處的(de)(de)。
第四、注意充電的環境。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)最佳的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境溫(wen)度是25℃。現(xian)在(zai)多(duo)數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)沒(mei)有適應環(huan)(huan)境溫(wen)度的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動控制系統,所以多(duo)數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)都是按照環(huan)(huan)境溫(wen)度25℃設計的(de)(de)(de),所以在(zai)25℃條(tiao)件下充(chong)電(dian)(dian)比較(jiao)好(hao)。否則,就難免出(chu)現(xian)冬(dong)季(ji)欠(qian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和夏季(ji)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)問題。而(er)環(huan)(huan)境溫(wen)度真正(zheng)在(zai)25℃的(de)(de)(de)時候比較(jiao)少,這樣就必然有夏季(ji)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)冬(dong)欠(qian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)問題。好(hao)在(zai)現(xian)在(zai)多(duo)數家庭都具有室內(nei)調(diao)溫(wen)的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件,這樣,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)時候,最好(hao)把電(dian)(dian)池和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)安(an)排在(zai)有通風并(bing)(bing)且調(diao)溫(wen)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境里(li)。特別提示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)是電(dian)(dian)池處(chu)在(zai)北(bei)方(fang)冬(dong)季(ji)在(zai)室外低溫(wen)狀態進入溫(wen)暖的(de)(de)(de)室內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)時候,電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)表面會出(chu)現(xian)結霜凝露。為了避免結霜凝露引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池漏電(dian)(dian),應該在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)度上(shang)升到(dao)與室內(nei)溫(wen)度接近并(bing)(bing)且干燥以后(hou)再(zai)進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。
第五、保護好電動車充電器。
一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)使用說(shuo)明(ming)書(shu)(shu)(shu)上面都(dou)有關(guan)于保護電動(dong)(dong)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)說(shuo)明(ming)。很多(duo)用戶沒有看(kan)(kan)說(shuo)明(ming)書(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)習慣(guan),往(wang)往(wang)除了問題以(yi)(yi)后才想起(qi)找說(shuo)明(ming)書(shu)(shu)(shu)看(kan)(kan),經常(chang)(chang)為時(shi)已晚,所以(yi)(yi)先看(kan)(kan)說(shuo)明(ming)書(shu)(shu)(shu)是非常(chang)(chang)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。為了降(jiang)低成(cheng)本,現(xian)在的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)基本上都(dou)沒有做高耐振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)設計,這樣,充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)放在電動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)的(de)(de)后備箱(xiang)和(he)車(che)筐中(zhong)。特殊的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,必須要(yao)(yao)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong),也要(yao)(yao)把(ba)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)用泡沫塑(su)料(liao)包裝好,防止(zhi)發生振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)顛簸。很多(duo)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)經過(guo)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)以(yi)(yi)后,其內部的(de)(de)電位器(qi)(qi)會漂移(yi)(yi),使得整個(ge)參數漂移(yi)(yi),導致充(chong)(chong)電狀態(tai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)正常(chang)(chang)。另外(wai)需要(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)就是充(chong)(chong)電的(de)(de)時(shi)候要(yao)(yao)保持充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)通(tong)風,否(fou)則(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)但影(ying)響(xiang)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)壽命,還可(ke)能發生熱漂移(yi)(yi)而影(ying)響(xiang)充(chong)(chong)電狀態(tai)。這樣都(dou)會對電池形(xing)成(cheng)損傷。所以(yi)(yi),保護好充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)也是非常(chang)(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。
第(di)六(liu)、不(bu)要(yao)隨便更換電(dian)(dian)動車充電(dian)(dian)器(qi),不(bu)要(yao)去掉電(dian)(dian)動車控制(zhi)器(qi)的限(xian)速。
各個制造商的充電器一般都有個性化需求,在沒有把握的時候不要隨意更換電動車充電器。如果續行里程要求比較長,必須為了異地充電而配備多個充電器,就把白天補足充電的充電器采用另外補充的充電器,而晚間采用原配的充電器。去掉(diao)電(dian)動(dong)車控(kong)制(zhi)器的限速,雖然可以(yi)提高一些車的速度,除(chu)了會(hui)降低(di)車的安全性(xing)以(yi)外,也會(hui)降低(di)電(dian)池的使用(yong)壽命。
第七、養成一些節電的好習慣。
盡可(ke)能(neng)利用滑行(xing)。如下(xia)坡的時(shi)候,盡可(ke)能(neng)的利用提前斷電滑行(xing)減(jian)速。在(zai)即將遇(yu)到紅綠燈的時(shi)候提前進入(ru)滑行(xing),最(zui)大(da)限度的減(jian)少(shao)剎(cha)車。一(yi)位朋友告(gao)訴(su)我,他是寧愿多轉一(yi)次(ci)灣也要減(jian)少(shao)一(yi)次(ci)剎(cha)車,這是有道理(li)的。啟(qi)動的時(shi)候,最(zui)好加入(ru)騎行(xing)助力,不(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)可(ke)以提高啟(qi)動速度,而且可(ke)以減(jian)少(shao)電池的電量損(sun)失和壽命(ming)損(sun)傷(shang)。
第八、充分利用維修條件
不少電動自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經銷商(shang)可以(yi)提(ti)供電池(chi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)和維修(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)(fu)務,應(ying)該充(chong)分(fen)利用這些(xie)服(fu)(fu)務。一(yi)(yi)些(xie)品(pin)牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電動自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車提(ti)出對電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)。如:對電池(chi)進行(xing)(xing)定期檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu),可以(yi)減少對電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)傷。對電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)復就可以(yi)緩解"電池(chi)落后"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失效(xiao),而(er)這些(xie)對配備了維修(xiu)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經銷商(shang)來說是輕而(er)易舉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。對于(yu)失水(shui)來說,在電池(chi)容(rong)量70%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)補(bu)水(shui)就比電池(chi)容(rong)量40%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)補(bu)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果要(yao)好。甚至一(yi)(yi)些(xie)品(pin)牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)還提(ti)出:到規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間不檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)就相(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)放棄電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保用期。使消費者受到不應(ying)該發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。所以(yi),消費者要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用電池(chi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件延(yan)長增加電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽命。
我們在使用(yong)電動(dong)車的(de)時候只(zhi)要注意以上八點,用(yong)戶可以大大延長電池使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming).