電動自行車三件寶:電池、電機、充電器
時下購買電動自行車的消費者越來越多了,作為一種與日常生活聯系較緊,輕便、快捷、經濟型的代步工具,其關鍵部件如電池、電機、充電器的質量已(yi)成(cheng)為人(ren)們相當關(guan)注的問(wen)題。
事實上(shang),電動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)很早(zao)就有了,但以前的電動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)僅(jin)僅(jin)是自行車(che)、電機、電池簡(jian)單(dan)疊加的“電瓶車(che)”,沒“風光”多(duo)久,這(zhe)種性能和(he)質量難以滿(man)足人(ren)們出行基本(ben)要求的車(che)就
被市場無情(qing)淘汰了。上世紀90年代(dai)末,隨著釹硼磁性稀土材料(liao)在直流電機上的(de)(de)廣泛應用(yong),特別是電池制造技術(shu)的(de)(de)進步以及工藝的(de)(de)改(gai)善,市場上才出現了真(zhen)正意(yi)義上的(de)(de)電動自行車。
然而,由(you)于技術的(de)制(zhi)約,長期(qi)以來(lai),國(guo)產電(dian)動自行(xing)車應(ying)用的(de)均是(shi)普通鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi),該電(dian)池(chi)體積(ji)大、容(rong)量(liang)(liang)小、功率低、壽(shou)命短,具(ju)有記憶(yi)效應(ying),如日常使用就必須(xu)天天充(chong)電(dian),且(qie)充(chong)電(dian)越(yue)頻電(dian)量(liang)(liang)越(yue)少;若長時間停(ting)用,則電(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)電(dian)極(ji)(ji)會(hui)迅(xun)速鈍化,要求使用者定期(qi)加入電(dian)解(jie)液維護保(bao)養(yang),極(ji)(ji)其(qi)麻煩。更令人擔憂的(de)是(shi),這種電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)報廢后其(qi)酸液和重(zhong)金屬還會(hui)對(dui)(dui)環(huan)境造成嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)二次污染(ran)。針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)這種情況,春蘭集(ji)團研制(zhi)出了(le)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)和使用壽(shou)命分別比鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)高(gao)(gao)2倍、長4倍,全密封、免維護、無記憶(yi)的(de)高(gao)(gao)能(neng)動力(li)鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)。此新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)池(chi)應(ying)用到電(dian)動自行(xing)車后,一(yi)次充(chong)電(dian)驅(qu)車續行(xing)里程最(zui)(zui)多(duo)達100公里,循環(huan)充(chong)電(dian)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)達600次。不(bu)僅其(qi)體積(ji)經特殊處(chu)理及優化配方后進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)縮小,重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)大幅(fu)減輕(qing),而且(qie)不(bu)存在(zai)對(dui)(dui)環(huan)境的(de)污染(ran)問題,因此,它是(shi)目前質量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)好的(de)動力(li)型(xing)電(dian)池(chi)。
至(zhi)于電(dian)機(ji)方面(mian),市面(mian)上幾乎所有(you)品(pin)牌(pai)的(de)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)車(che)(che)采(cai)用的(de)都是(shi)(shi)較為先進的(de)有(you)刷(shua)無(wu)齒(chi)(chi)或(huo)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)刷(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)。據有(you)關媒(mei)體(ti)披露,春蘭今(jin)年新近(jin)推出的(de)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)車(che)(che)采(cai)用的(de)是(shi)(shi)世(shi)界(jie)最先進的(de)無(wu)刷(shua)直(zhi)流(liu)永磁電(dian)機(ji),該電(dian)機(ji)由(you)于沒(mei)有(you)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun),因此運(yun)行(xing)時沒(mei)有(you)噪音,也(ye)沒(mei)有(you)機(ji)械磨損,使用壽命更長。另外,春蘭電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)車(che)(che)的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)安裝在車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)后軸(zhou)的(de)輪(lun)(lun)轂里,直(zhi)接驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)后輪(lun)(lun)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong),整(zheng)體(ti)設計合理(li)、結構緊湊,體(ti)積小、重量輕,從而(er)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)效率相當高。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車的另一個關鍵部件就(jiu)是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。國內不(bu)少廠家(jia)采(cai)用(yong)的是(shi)簡(jian)便(bian)式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)雖然充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)較簡(jian)便(bian),但(dan)容易(yi)造成充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)或過(guo)量(liang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而損傷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。春蘭提供的是(shi)智能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),只(zhi)須接(jie)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),它會(hui)自動(dong)快速給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)滿后(hou)會(hui)自動(dong)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),不(bu)存(cun)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)或過(guo)量(liang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等問題。
除電池、電機、充電器外,電(dian)(dian)動車的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)器也(ye)很(hen)重要。新近(jin)上市的(de)春(chun)蘭電(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行車就以當今先進的(de)微電(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術為基礎,應用了具(ju)有(you)多(duo)種功能的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)器,在(zai)此(ci)控(kong)制(zhi)器的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)下,該車具(ju)備了為保護電(dian)(dian)池(chi)而設置的(de)欠壓保護、最大電(dian)(dian)流限(xian)制(zhi)、靜啟動功能,以及(ji)電(dian)(dian)量提(ti)示、速度顯示等(deng)功能。
市場人士(shi)認為,盡管電(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車的(de)性能、質量(liang)存在著差異(yi),但消(xiao)費者只要選擇有(you)品牌信譽和生產(chan)規模的(de)專業(ye)廠家生產(chan)的(de)、配備了(le)高質量(liang)電(dian)池(chi)、電(dian)機和充電(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車,就不必有(you)什么憂慮了(le)。