一、要求 設計并制作一個電能收集充電器，該充(chong)電(dian)器的(de)(de)核心為直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)變換(huan)器，它從(cong)一直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)中吸(xi)收(shou)電(dian)能，以(yi)盡可能大的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)入一個可充(chong)電(dian)池。直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)功率有限，其電(dian)動(dong)勢Es在一定范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)緩(huan)慢變化(hua)，當Es為不(bu)同值時，直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)變換(huan)器的(de)(de)電(dian)路結構，參數可以(yi)不(bu)同。監測和控制(zhi)電(dian)路由直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)變換(huan)器供電(dian)。由于Es的(de)(de)變化(hua)極慢，監測和控制(zhi)電(dian)路應該采用(yong)間歇工作方(fang)式，以(yi)降低其能耗。可充(chong)電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)勢Ec=3.6V，內(nei)(nei)阻Rc=0.1Ω。

二、成(cheng)功(gong)標(biao)準 1、基(ji)本要求（1）在(zai)Rs=100Ω，Es=10V～20V時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)Ic大(da)于（Es-Ec）/（Rs+Rc）。（2）在(zai)Rs=100Ω時，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)(di)。（3）Es從0逐漸(jian)升高時，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)動啟動充(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)Es盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)(di)。（4）Es降低(di)(di)(di)到不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，最低(di)(di)(di)至0時，盡(jin)量(liang)降低(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。（5）監測(ce)和控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)路(lu)工(gong)作(zuo)間歇設定范圍為 0.1 s～5s。 2、自(zi)由發揮部(bu)分（1）在(zai)Rs=1Ω，Es=1.2V～3.6V時，以盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。（2）能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)Es盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)(di)。當(dang)(dang)Es≥1.1V時，取(qu)Rs =1Ω；當(dang)(dang)Es＜1.1V時，取(qu)Rs =0.1Ω。（3）電(dian)(dian)池完全放電(dian)(dian)，Es從0逐漸(jian)升高時，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)自(zi)動啟動充(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)輸出端開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓＞3.6V，短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)＞0）的(de)Es盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)低(di)(di)(di)。當(dang)(dang)Es≥1.1V時，取(qu)Rs =1Ω；當(dang)(dang)Es＜1.1V時，取(qu)Rs=0.1Ω。（4）降低(di)(di)(di)成(cheng)本.