手機充電器小常識

一、充電器產品質量的好壞可從其工作性能、安全要(yao)求和電(dian)磁(ci)兼容(rong)性三個方面來(lai)衡量。

1、工作性能。不同種類的電池有不同的充電要求，充電器主要有充(chong)(chong)電方式、充(chong)(chong)電電流、充(chong)(chong)電電壓等(deng)參(can)數要求(qiu)。

（1）充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式：規定了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器是以(yi)(yi)恒(heng)(heng)流方式或是以(yi)(yi)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)方式給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。對目前普遍使用(yong)的鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池而言(yan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式應采用(yong)限流恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)方式，即先以(yi)(yi)限流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)至電(dian)(dian)池限制充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后(hou)能(neng)自動轉為恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

（2）充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流：規定了充電(dian)(dian)器最(zui)大輸出電(dian)(dian)流。充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)大小(xiao)應與適用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量大小(xiao)相匹配，一般(ban)應不(bu)大于1C5A。

（3）充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓：規定了充電(dian)(dian)器最(zui)(zui)高輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓。充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)高低取決于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)限制電(dian)(dian)壓；對(dui)標稱電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)3.6V的(de)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)時，要求充電(dian)(dian)器輸(shu)出的(de)最(zui)(zui)高電(dian)(dian)壓一(yi)般為(wei)4.2V（實(shi)際(ji)上，手機用鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都(dou)裝有保護裝置，因此充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓也可略高于(yu)4.2V，但為(wei)了保證安(an)全，電(dian)(dian)壓不得高于(yu)4.5V）。

2、安全(quan)(quan)(quan)要求。通俗(su)來講就是(shi)要求產品的(de)(de)(de)電路結構、機械(xie)結構和電氣(qi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)(deng)應符(fu)合(he)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)要求，不(bu)管產品處(chu)在正常(chang)(chang)工(gong)作狀態或(huo)是(shi)異常(chang)(chang)（如(ru)輸出過載或(huo)短路、內部元(yuan)器(qi)件失效或(huo)電路故(gu)障等(deng)(deng)）工(gong)作狀態，都(dou)不(bu)應危害人和財產的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)。為(wei)了達(da)到這(zhe)一(yi)目的(de)(de)(de)，充電器(qi)產品的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)要求（如(ru)防觸電保護性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、絕(jue)緣性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、溫度等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)）應符(fu)合(he)國家強制性(xing)標準GB4943-2001中所規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)要求。

3、電磁兼容性。對充電器產(chan)品，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)兼容性(xing)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)反映(ying)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)方面。電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)分為傳導騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)和輻射(she)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)諸多優(you)點，因而充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)普遍采用開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。但是開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源中(zhong)開關(guan)(guan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)高(gao)頻開通(tong)與關(guan)(guan)閉，會產(chan)生(sheng)高(gao)頻諧波(bo)信號。這(zhe)些高(gao)頻信號通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源端子經電(dian)(dian)(dian)網傳播(bo)或通(tong)過(guo)空(kong)間輻射(she)，將給環境帶來電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)污(wu)染，騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)周圍(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)的(de)(de)正常工作，嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)還(huan)可能(neng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)運行及人體健康造成不良的(de)(de)影(ying)響。因此，為了減小環境的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)污(wu)染，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品工作時其電(dian)(dian)(dian)源端子（或接(jie)口端子）騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和輻射(she)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)場強(qiang)應小于(yu)(yu)(yu)某一限值。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)手機(ji)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，其騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)場強(qiang)應符合國(guo)家強(qiang)制性(xing)標準GB9254-1998中(zhong)B級限值的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

二、作為(wei)消費者，選(xuan)購一個質量較好、適合使用的(de)充電器產品(pin)以(yi)下幾點可供參考：

1、選購充電器時，應詳細閱讀產品使用說明書或產品標記說明。一般來說，有產品認證標志的充電器才(cai)有(you)安全保證。因此，應盡量選購(gou)有(you)產品認證標志的產品。

2、手機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)一般都兼備兩種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)措施，一種是帶機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)（充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)通過電(dian)(dian)連接器(qi)(qi)與手機(ji)配合給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)）；另一種是通過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)座給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。選(xuan)購(gou)前，應清楚自己所用電(dian)(dian)池的類型、容量、標稱電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以便選(xuan)購(gou)與之(zhi)適配的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。

3、目前手機使用的電池幾乎都是只有一個單體電芯、標稱電壓為3.6V、額定容量為500mAh～1000mAh的鋰離子電池。鋰離子電芯對充電電流和充電電壓的要求非常高；充電電流過大或充電電壓過高，會引起電芯內部化學反應巨變，使得內部溫度升高，導致電極、隔膜材料損壞或電芯膨脹爆炸。雖然，一般手機電池內部裝有具有過充、過放、過流保護功能的保護器。但為了安全、為了達到較好的充電效果，應選購最大輸出電壓為4.2V～4.5V、最大輸出電流為600mA～700mA的充電器。規范的充電器產品都應標明其使用范圍、輸出電壓和輸出電流等技術參數。有條件的話，選購時可用萬用表的適當測量檔測量充電器的(de)輸出空載(zai)電(dian)壓和輸出短路電(dian)流，判斷其實際數據是否與所標(biao)技術參(can)數一致。