1、近(jin)十年來，隨著(zhu)各種(zhong)便攜(xie)式(shi)設(she)備（如手機(ji)(ji)、筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao) 、攝(she)像機(ji)(ji) 、數(shu)碼相(xiang)機(ji)(ji) 、PDA 等）的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)推(tui)出 ，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)要求也(ye)隨之提高。以前(qian)，在這(zhe)類(lei)應用(yong)中 ，NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和NiCD電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，以其低(di)價格占有(you)較大優勢；但隨著(zhu)便攜(xie)式(shi)設(she)備對體積/重量的(de)(de)(de)要求越(yue)來越(yue)苛刻，工作(zuo)和待(dai)機(ji)(ji)時間越(yue)來越(yue)長以及Li電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)降(jiang)低(di)，使 Li電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)優勢性能(neng)在這(zhe)類(lei)應用(yong)中得以充分的(de)(de)(de)展(zhan)示，被廣大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)設(she)計(ji)工程師和消費者所接(jie)受。隨著(zhu)Li電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)提高和成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)步(bu)降(jiang)低(di) ，Li電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)將在許多應用(yong)中取代(dai)NiCD和NiMH電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi) 。

　　雖然鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有以(yi)上(shang)種(zhong)種(zhong)優點和良好的(de)(de)(de)市場前景，但(dan)它對(dui)(dui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)要求比(bi)較高，在使(shi)用過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中要避免出(chu)現(xian)過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)如(ru)圖(tu)１所(suo)(suo)示，在一(yi)個充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期內，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)之前需要檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和溫(wen)度，判斷是否可充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)或溫(wen)度超(chao)出(chu)允(yun)許范(fan)圍，則禁止(zhi)(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。每節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)允(yun)許充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)2.5-4.2V，溫(wen)度為(wei)2.5-50℃。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)處于深(shen)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況下，必須要求充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)具(ju)有預(yu)充過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)滿足快速(su)(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)條件，然后(hou)(hou)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)廠商(shang)推薦的(de)(de)(de)快速(su)(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行恒流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緩慢上(shang)升；一(yi)旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達到所(suo)(suo)設(she)定的(de)(de)(de)終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（一(yi)般為(wei) 4.1V 或4.2V），恒流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快速(su)(su)衰減(jian)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進入(ru)滿充過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)；在滿充過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐(zhu)漸衰減(jian)，直(zhi)到滿充時間超(chao)時，轉(zhuan)入(ru)頂(ding)端截止(zhi)(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；頂(ding)端截止(zhi)(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)以(yi)極小的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)補充能量；頂(ding)端截止(zhi)(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)段時間后(hou)(hou)，關(guan)閉充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2　MAX1501簡介
　　
　　MAXIM公司的(de)MAX1501是一種全新的(de)溫度調(diao)節線性充電器(qi)采用16引腳(jiao)TQFN封(feng)裝，可為鋰離(li)子、鎳鎘、鎳氫電池進行充電.MAX1501的(de)特(te)點(dian)及(ji)其(qi)引腳(jiao)功(gong)能。它具有如下特(te)點(dian)：

　　1.獨立運行或由微處理器控制的線性充電方(fang)案；

　　2.輸入大于(yu)6.5v時充電停止；

　　3.電流檢測監(jian)視器輸出(chu)；

　　4.電池電壓下降(jiang)4v以下后自(zi)動啟動充電；

　　5.無電池時(shi)仍然保(bao)持穩定輸出；

　　6.集成了PMOSFET.反向阻(zu)斷二極管和檢測電流(liu)電阻(zu)；

　　7.薄型QFN封裝(zhuang)的(de)多化學類型充電器。

3　MAX1501引腳功能

　　INP：高(gao)電流充電輸(shu)入(ru)；

　　IN: 低(di)電流充電輸入；

　　GND： 地.連(lian)接(jie)外部開關到地；

　　SETI：電流傳感跨(kua)導放大輸(shu)出；

　　VL： 線性(xing)輸出調整器(qi)；

　　TMAX： 輸入最大充電(dian)時間選擇(僅對(dui)max1501)；

　　IC：　 MAX1501Z的(de)內(nei)部連接(jie).隨浮動；

　　FULLI： 最大(da)關閉電流選擇輸(shu)入；

　　TEMP：衰耗溫度選擇輸入；
　　

4　鋰離子電池充電器的研制

　　MAX1501的最典型的應用(yong)(yong)是(shi)能夠用(yong)(yong)10%的快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行預充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)軟(ruan)啟動系統持續增加充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。以每20ms增加10%直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到2.8V，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到規格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)4.1V/4.2V時(shi)進入(ru)常壓(ya)狀(zhuang)態并且(qie)減少充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。在SETI與地之間設(she)置一(yi)(yi)個(ge)晶體管來控制快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，并且(qie)通過(guo)減少輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流使MAX1501遠離(li)過(guo)熱，溫度調(diao)節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路調(diao)節(jie)(jie)MAX1501的溫度。當到達(da)頂端關斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的關斷(duan)(duan)值時(shi)RLED腳作用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)高(gao)阻(zu)抗(kang)

進(jin)入(ru)低(di)維護狀態(tai)。 當電池電壓(ya)低(di)與95%時(shi)，通(tong)過設置SELV可以自動進(jin)行在充電。

　　（1）設置(zhi)充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)

　　設定電阻充電電流(liu)根據(ju)下列公式

　　（2）設(she)置(zhi)電容

　　為了獲得合適的穩定性，可以用一個陶瓷(ci)電(dian)容最常用10uF 5R陶瓷(ci)電(dian)容來連接(jie)BATT到GND。將IN和INP連接(jie)起來并且到GND用1uF的陶瓷(ci)電(dian)容。由于過(guo)高輸入電(dian)壓或(huo)過(guo)高充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)，可用更大的輸入途徑電(dian)容來降低(di)噪聲。

　　（3）設置溫(wen)度調節(jie)

　　在(zai)邏輯輸入(ru)條件下(xia)設置規則的死(si)機溫度(du)(du)，MAX1501通過降低(di)充電電流來限制由TEMP設定的死(si)機溫度(du)(du)值。MAX1501運行正常(chang)，溫度(du)(du)環路(lu)不會(hui)顯示異常(chang)情況(kuang)。TEMP允許在(zai)提供(gong)過多的能量(liang)損失的保護的前提下(xia)將充電電流擴展到(dao)最大限度(du)(du)。

　　（4）設(she)置(zhi)充電時間

　　在TMAX邏輯輸入條件下設置(zhi)最(zui)大充(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間。TMAX限制充(chong)電周期用來保護電池(chi)充(chong)電過(guo)長(chang)。將(jiang)(jiang)TMAX與GND連(lian)接(jie)起(qi)(qi)來可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)最(zui)長(chang)充(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間設置(zhi)為(wei)三小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。將(jiang)(jiang)TMAX懸空可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)最(zui)大充(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間設置(zhi)為(wei)4.5小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。將(jiang)(jiang)TMAX和VL連(lian)接(jie)起(qi)(qi)來可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)(jiang)最(zui)長(chang)充(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間設置(zhi)為(wei)6小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。

　　（5）綜述討論

　　MAX1501和一個(ge)(ge)微處理器相結合從而決(jue)定它(ta)有很好的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方案專用的(de)熱調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路用來限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路節點(dian)溫度，當(dang)快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或當(dang)環境溫度很高(gao)的(de)時候(hou)確保最大充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不會損壞充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，在沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)情況下(xia)MAX1501提供可(ke)調節的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，在允許電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況下(xia)這個(ge)(ge)裝置(zhi)有較高(gao)的(de)適(shi)應性, 安全(quan)時間(jian)內可(ke)以提供一個(ge)(ge)可(ke)調整的(de)快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,頂端關斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,.并且有熱量方嵌(qian)條調整點(dian).其它(ta)特點(dian)包括輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量檢測

并(bing)且(qie)有輸(shu)入(ru)低的(de)過(guo)壓(ya)保護和規定(ding)了(le)較低的(de)控制輸(shu)入(ru).MAX1501能(neng)夠接(jie)受一(yi)個4.5V到(dao)13V的(de)電壓(ya)供(gong)電.但(dan)是當(dang)輸(shu)入(ru)電壓(ya)超過(guo)6.5伏時為了(le)防止(zhi)過(guo)多的(de)能(neng)量消耗MAX1501充電停止(zhi).MAX1501擴大(da)了(le)溫度范圍(-40°C to +85°C)并(bing)且(qie)體積也減小了(le).

5　結束語

　　本文介紹了一種采用ＭＡＸ1501 充電控制芯片設計的簡單實用的鋰離子電池充電器，最(zui)后(hou)對電路(lu)的(de)特性及充電參數的(de)設置進行了(le)分析。