1.1 鋰離(li)子電池簡(jian)介

1.1.1 鋰離子電池(Li-ion Batteries)是鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)發展而(er)來。在介紹Li-ion之(zhi)前(qian)，應先介紹鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。舉例來講，以前(qian)照(zhao)相機里用的扣式(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)就屬 于鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的正極材料是二氧化錳或亞硫酰氯，負極是鋰(li)。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組裝 完成(cheng)后電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)即(ji)有電(dian)壓,不需(xu)充電(dian).這種(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也可能充電(dian),但循(xun)環(huan)性能不好,在 充放電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)過(guo)程中,容易形成(cheng)鋰(li)枝晶(jing),造成(cheng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內部短路,所以一般(ban)情(qing)況下這 種(zhong)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是禁止充電(dian)的。

1.1.2 后來，日本索尼公司發明了以炭材料為負極，以含鋰的化合物作正極，在充放電過程中，沒有金屬鋰存在，只有鋰離子，這就是鋰離子電 池。當對電(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)正極上有鋰(li)離(li)子生(sheng)成(cheng)，生(sheng)成(cheng)的(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子經過 電(dian)(dian)解液運動到(dao)負(fu)極。而作為(wei)負(fu)極的(de)(de)碳呈(cheng)層(ceng)狀結構，它(ta)有很多微孔，達到(dao)負(fu)極 的(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子就嵌入到(dao)碳層(ceng)的(de)(de)微孔中(zhong)(zhong)，嵌入的(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子越多，充電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)越高(gao)。同樣， 當對電(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)時(即我們使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)過程)，嵌在負(fu)極碳層(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子 脫出(chu)， 又運動回正極。回正極的(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子越多，放電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)越高(gao)。

1.1.3 我們通常所(suo)(suo)說的電池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)指的就(jiu)是放(fang)電容(rong)量(liang)。在 Li-ion 的充放(fang)電過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，鋰離子(zi)處于從正極→負極→正極的運動(dong)狀態。Li-ion Batteries 就(jiu)像(xiang)一(yi)把搖椅，搖椅的兩端為電池(chi)的兩極，而鋰離子(zi)就(jiu)象運動(dong)員 一(yi)樣在搖椅來回(hui)奔跑。所(suo)(suo)以 Li-ion Batteries 又叫搖椅式電池(chi)。

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1.2. 鋰(li)離子(zi)電池的組成

1.2.1 鋼殼/鋁殼系列：

(1)電池上下蓋

(2)正極(ji)——活性(xing)物質一般為氧(yang)化(hua)鋰鈷

(3)隔膜(mo)——一種(zhong)特殊的(de)復合膜(mo)

(4)負極——活(huo)性物(wu)質為碳

(5)有機電解液

(6)電池殼(分為鋼(gang)殼和鋁殼兩種)

1.2.2 軟(ruan)包(bao)裝系列(lie)

(1)正極——活性物(wu)質一般為氧(yang)化鋰鈷(gu)

(2)隔膜——PP 或者(zhe) PE 復合膜

(3)負極——活性物質為碳(tan)

(4)有機電解液

(5)電池殼——鋁塑復合膜

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1.3. 鋰離(li)子電池(chi)原(yuan)理

1.3.1 鋰系電池分為鋰電池和(he)鋰離子電(dian)池。目前(qian)手機和(he)筆(bi)記本電(dian)腦(nao)使(shi)用

的(de)(de)都是(shi)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，通常人們俗(su)稱其為鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。 手機等(deng) PDA 產品使用的(de)(de)是(shi) 鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，而(er)真正的(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)由于危險性(xing)大，沒(mei)有(you)應用于日常電(dian)子(zi)產品。 鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)以碳素材(cai)料為負極，以含鋰(li)(li)的(de)(de)化合物作正極，沒(mei)有(you)金(jin)屬鋰(li)(li)存 在，只有(you)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)，這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)指以鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)化合物 為正極材(cai)料電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)總稱。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)，就(jiu)是(shi)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)和脫(tuo)(tuo) 嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)過(guo)程(cheng)。在鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)的(de)(de)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)和脫(tuo)(tuo)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，同時伴隨著(zhu)與鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)等(deng)當量電(dian)子(zi)的(de)(de) 嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)和脫(tuo)(tuo)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)(習慣上(shang)正極用嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)或脫(tuo)(tuo)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)表(biao)示，而(er)負極用插(cha)入(ru)或脫(tuo)(tuo)插(cha)表(biao)示)。 在充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)在正、負極之間往返嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)入(ru)/脫(tuo)(tuo)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)和插(cha)入(ru)/脫(tuo)(tuo)插(cha)，被(bei)形 象地稱為“搖椅電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)”。

1.3.2 鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池能(neng)量密度大，平均輸出電(dian)壓高。自(zi)放電(dian)小，每月在

10%以下。沒有(you)記憶(yi)效應。工作溫度(du)范圍寬為-20℃～60℃。循環(huan)性能優(you)越、 可快速充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)效率高達 100%，而且輸出(chu)功率大。使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)長。沒有(you) 環(huan)境污(wu)染，被稱為綠色電(dian)(dian)池。

1.3.3 充電是電池(chi)重復(fu)使用(yong)的(de)重要步驟(zou)，鋰(li)離子電池(chi)的(de)充電過程分

為(wei)兩個階(jie)(jie)段：恒流快充階(jie)(jie)段(指示(shi)燈呈(cheng)紅色或黃色)和恒壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流遞減(jian)階(jie)(jie)段(指 示(shi)燈呈(cheng)綠色)。恒流快充階(jie)(jie)段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐(zhu)步(bu)升高到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，隨后 在(zai)(zai)控制(zhi)芯片(pian)下轉入恒壓階(jie)(jie)段，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)再升高以確保不(bu)會過充，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流則隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的上升逐(zhu)步(bu)減(jian)弱(ruo)到(dao)(dao) 0，而最終完成充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量統計芯片(pian)通過記錄放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)可以抽(chou)樣計算出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)多(duo)次(ci)使用(yong)后，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)會發 生改(gai)變，鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)雖然不(bu)存在(zai)(zai)記憶(yi)效應，但是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)當會嚴重影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)性 能。

鋰(li)離(li)子電池過(guo)度充放(fang)電會對正負(fu)極(ji)(ji)造成(cheng)永久性損壞。過(guo)度放(fang)電導(dao)致(zhi)負(fu)極(ji)(ji) 碳片層結構出現塌陷(xian)，而塌陷(xian)會造成(cheng)充電過(guo)程中鋰(li)離(li)子無法(fa)插入;過(guo)度充電 使過(guo)多的鋰(li)離(li)子嵌入負(fu)極(ji)(ji)碳結構，而造成(cheng)其中部分鋰(li)離(li)子再也無法(fa)釋放(fang)出

1.3.4 充(chong)電量等于充(chong)電電流乘以(yi)充(chong)電時間(jian)，在充(chong)電控制電壓一(yi)定

的(de)情況下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越(yue)大(充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)越(yue)快(kuai))，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量越(yue)小。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du) 過快(kuai)和終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓控制點不(bu)當(dang)，同(tong)樣(yang)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量不(bu)足，實際(ji)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)部分 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活性物質(zhi)沒有(you)得到充(chong)(chong)分反應(ying)就停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足的(de)現象隨(sui)著循(xun)環(huan) 次數的(de)增加(jia)而加(jia)劇。

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1.4. 鋰(li)離子電池的(de)種類(lei)

1.4.1 不可充電的鋰(li)電池有多種，目前常用(yong)的有鋰(li)-二(er)氧化(hua)錳電池、鋰(li)

—亞硫酰氯電池及(ji)鋰和其它化合物(wu)電池。

1)　鋰-二氧化錳電(dian)池(Li　MnO2)

鋰-二(er)氧化錳(meng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是一(yi)種以(yi)(yi)鋰為陽極(ji)(ji)、以(yi)(yi)二(er)氧化錳(meng)為陰極(ji)(ji)，并采(cai)用有機 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的一(yi)次性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的主(zhu)要特點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高，額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為 3V(是 一(yi)般(ban)堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的 2 倍(bei));終止(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為 2V;比能量大(見(jian)上面舉的例子); 放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)穩定(ding)可靠;有較好的儲存性(xing)能(儲存時間 3 年(nian)以(yi)(yi)上)、自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率低(年(nian) 自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率≤2%);工作溫度(du)范(fan)圍-20℃～+60℃。

該電池(chi)可以(yi)做成不同(tong)的(de)外形以(yi)滿足不同(tong)要(yao)求，它有長方形、圓柱形及(ji)紐 扣(kou)形(扣(kou)式)。

2)可充電鋰離子電池

可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是目(mu)(mu)前(qian)手機中應(ying)用(yong)(yong)最(zui)廣泛的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，但(dan)它較(jiao)為“嬌(jiao)氣”， 在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中不(bu)可過(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)放(fang)(會損(sun)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或(huo)使(shi)之(zhi)報廢)。因此，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)上有保(bao)護 元器件(jian)或(huo)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)路以防止(zhi)昂貴的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)損(sun)壞。 鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)要求(qiu)很高，要 保(bao)證終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)精(jing)度在(zai) 1%之(zhi)內，目(mu)(mu)前(qian)各大半(ban)導體器件(jian)廠已開(kai)發(fa)出多(duo)種鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的 IC，以保(bao)證安(an)全(quan)、可靠、快速地充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

1.4.2 根據鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池所用電(dian)解質材料不同，鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池可(ke)以(yi)分為液

態(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(lithium ion battery, 簡稱為 LIB)和聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(p olymer lithium ion battery, 簡稱為 LIP)兩大類。聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所 用(yong)的(de)(de)正負極(ji)材料與液態(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)都是相同(tong)的(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)工作原(yuan)理也基本(ben)一(yi)致。 它們的(de)(de)主要區(qu)別在于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong), 液態(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)的(de)(de)是液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質, 而聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)則以固體聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質來(lai)代替(ti), 這種聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可以是 “干態(tai)”的(de)(de),也可以是“膠(jiao)(jiao)態(tai)”的(de)(de),目前大部分采用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膠(jiao)(jiao)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質。聚(ju)(ju) 合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可分為三(san)類：

(1)固(gu)體聚(ju)合(he)物電(dian)解質(zhi)鋰離(li)子電(dian)池。電(dian)解質(zhi)為聚(ju)合(he)物與鹽的混合(he)物， 這種電(dian)池在常溫(wen)下的離(li)子電(dian)導(dao)率(lv)低，適于(yu)高溫(wen)使(shi)用。

(2)凝(ning)膠聚(ju)(ju)合物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。即在固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)聚(ju)(ju)合物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質中加入增 塑劑(ji)等添加劑(ji)，從(cong)而提(ti)高離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導率，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)在常溫(wen)下使用(yong)。 (3)聚(ju)(ju)合物(wu)正(zheng)極(ji)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。采用(yong)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聚(ju)(ju)合物(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)為正(zheng)極(ji)材(cai)料(liao)， 其(qi)比(bi)能量(liang)是(shi)現有鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de) 3 倍，是(shi)最新一(yi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。由于用(yong)固(gu)(gu) 體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質代(dai)替了液體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質,與液態(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相(xiang)比(bi)，聚(ju)(ju)合物(wu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)具 有可(ke)(ke)薄形(xing)化、任意面積化與任意形(xing)狀(zhuang)化等優(you)點(dian)，也不會產生漏液與燃(ran)燒爆 炸等安全上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，因此可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)鋁(lv)塑復合薄膜制(zhi)造電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)外殼，從(cong)而可(ke)(ke)以(yi)提(ti) 高整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)容量(liang);聚(ju)(ju)合物(wu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)高分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)作(zuo)(zuo)正(zheng)極(ji)材(cai)料(liao)， 其(qi)質量(liang)比(bi)能量(liang)將會比(bi)目前的(de)(de)(de)液態(tai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提(ti)高 50%以(yi)上(shang)。

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此外,聚合物鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池在工作電(dian)壓、充放電(dian)循(xun)環壽命等方面都比鋰離子(zi)電(dian)池有(you)所提高。

基于以上優點，聚(ju)合物鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)被譽為下(xia)一(yi)代鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。 聚(ju)合物鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)(Lithium ion polymer)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，具有更(geng)高能量(liang)密度、小型化、薄型化、 輕量(liang)化、高安全性(xing)、長循環(huan)壽(shou)命與低成本(ben)的新型電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。因此(ci)，在未(wei)來 2～3 年內(nei)，聚(ju)合物鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)取(qu)代鋰離(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)市(shi)場(chang)的份額將達 50%。

1.4.3 當(dang)前手機已被廣泛使用，早期的手機中多使用鎳氫電池，但(dan)靈

巧(qiao)型的(de)手機則是鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。正確地使(shi)用鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對(dui)(dui)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命是十分 重要的(de)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是目前應(ying)用最為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣泛的(de)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，它根據不(bu)同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產品(pin) 的(de)要求可(ke)以做成(cheng)(cheng)扁平長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)、圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)、長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)及(ji)扣式(shi)，并且有(you)由幾個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)串 聯在(zai)一起(qi)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組。 鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 3.6V(有(you)的(de)產品(pin)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 3.7 V)。充滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)終止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)陽極材(cai)料(liao)有(you)關：陽極材(cai)料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)石墨的(de) 4.2 V;陽極材(cai)料(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)焦炭的(de) 4.1V。不(bu)同陽極材(cai)料(liao)的(de)內阻也不(bu)同，焦炭陽極的(de)內阻 略大，其放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線也略有(you)差別。一般稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 4.1V 鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji) 4.2V 鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)(chi)(chi)。現在(zai)使(shi)用的(de)大部分是 4.2V 的(de)，鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)終止放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei) 2.5V～2. 75V(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)廠給出工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范(fan)圍(wei)或給出終止放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，各參數略有(you)不(bu)同)。低(di) 于終止放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)繼續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)過(guo)放(fang)(fang)，過(guo)放(fang)(fang)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是有(you)損害(hai)的(de)。

1.4.4 鋰離子電池不適合用作(zuo)大電流放電，過大電流放電時會降低(di)放

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(內部會產生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)溫度(du)而損耗能量(liang))。因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)產工廠給(gei)出最大放 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，在(zai)使用中應(ying)小于(yu)最大放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。 鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對溫度(du)有一定要(yao)求(qiu)， 工廠給(gei)出了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫度(du)范圍(wei)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溫度(du)范圍(wei)及保存溫度(du)范圍(wei)。 鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)是很高的(de)(de)，它要(yao)求(qiu)精(jing)密(mi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)以保證充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)安(an)全。終止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓精(jing)度(du)允差為(wei)額定值的(de)(de)_1%(例如:充(chong)(chong) 4.2V 的(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其(qi)允差為(wei)_0.0 42V)，過(guo)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)永久性(xing)損壞。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)應(ying)根(gen)據 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)生(sheng)(sheng)產廠家的(de)(de)建議，并要(yao)求(qiu)有限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)以免發生(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(過(guo)熱)。一般常用的(de)(de) 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率為(wei) 0.25C～1C(C 是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量(liang)，如 C=800mAh，1C 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率即(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu) 為(wei)800mA)。在(zai)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)往(wang)往(wang)要(yao)檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)，以防止過(guo)熱損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或 產生(sheng)(sheng)爆炸(zha)。

1.4.5 鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)為兩個(ge)階段：先恒(heng)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，到接近終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時改

為恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。以(yi) 800mAh 容(rong)量(liang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為例，其終止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為 4.2V。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以(yi) 800mA(充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)為 1C)恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，開始時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)以(yi)較大的(de)斜率(lv)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya) 接(jie)近(jin) 4.2V 時(shi)，改(gai)成(cheng)(cheng) 4.2V 恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流漸降(jiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變化不(bu)大，到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流降(jiang)為 1/10C(約(yue) 80mA)時(shi)，認為接(jie)近(jin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)，可以(yi)終止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(有的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)到 1/10C 后啟動 定時(shi)器(qi)，過(guo)一定時(shi)間后結束充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))。 鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中若(ruo)發生過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、 過(guo)放或過(guo)流時(shi)，會造成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)損壞或降(jiang)低使用壽命。

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1.5. 鋰離子電池(chi)優缺點

1.5.1 鋰離子電池(chi)具有以下優(you)點：

1. 電(dian)壓高，單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)工作電(dian)壓高達 3.6-3.9V，是 Ni-Cd、 Ni-H 電(dian)池(chi)的(de) 3 倍

2. 比(bi)能量(liang)(liang)大，目(mu)前(qian)能達到的實際(ji)比(bi)能量(liang)(liang)為 100-125Wh/kg 和(he)(he) 240-300Wh/L(2 倍于(yu) Ni-Cd，1.5 倍于(yu) Ni-MH),未來隨著技術發展, 比(bi)能量(liang)(liang)可高達 150Wh/kg 和(he)(he) 400 Wh/L

3. 循(xun)環壽命(ming)長,一般均可達到 500 次以上,甚至 1000 次以上.對(dui)于小(xiao)電 流放電的電器,電池(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)期限 將倍增(zeng)電器的競爭力.

4. 安全(quan)性能好,無公(gong)害,無記憶(yi)效應(ying)(ying).作為Li-ion前身的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi),因金屬(shu) 鋰(li)易形(xing)成枝晶發生短(duan)路(lu),縮減了其應(ying)(ying)用領域：Li-ion中不含鎘、鉛(qian)、汞等對 環境有污染(ran)的(de)元素：部分工藝(如燒結(jie)式(shi))的(de)Ni-Cd電(dian)池(chi)(chi)存(cun)在的(de)一大弊病為 “記憶(yi)效應(ying)(ying)”，嚴重束(shu)縛電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)用，但(dan)Li-ion根本不存(cun)在這(zhe)方面的(de)問(wen)題。

5. 自放(fang)電(dian)小，室溫(wen)下充滿電(dian)的 Li-ion 儲存 1 個月后的自放(fang)電(dian)率(lv)為 10%左右(you)，大大低于 Ni-Cd 的 25-30%，Ni、MH 的 30-35%。

6. 可快速充放電(dian)，1C 充電(dian)是容(rong)量可以(yi)達到標稱容(rong)量的 80%以(yi)上。

7. 工作溫(wen)度(du)范(fan)圍高，工作溫(wen)度(du)為-25~45_C，隨著(zhu)電解質和正極的 改(gai)進(jin)，期望(wang)能擴寬(kuan)到-40~70_C。

1.5.2.鋰(li)離子電池也存在著(zhu)一定的缺點

1. 電池成本較高。 主要表(biao)現(xian)在正極材料 LiCoO2 的價格高 (Co 的資源較少)，電解質(zhi)體系提純困難。

2. 不能大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。 由于有機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)體系等(deng)原因(yin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內阻相對

其(qi)他(ta)類電(dian)池(chi)大。故要求較小的放電(dian)電(dian)流密度，一般放電(dian)電(dian)流在 0.5C 以下， 只適合于中小電(dian)流的電(dian)器使用。

3. 需要保護(hu)線路控制 。

A. 過充保護(hu)：電(dian)(dian)池過充將破(po)壞正極結構而(er)影響性能(neng)和(he)壽命(ming);同時過充 電(dian)(dian)使電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)分(fen)解(jie)，內(nei)部壓(ya)力過高而(er)導致漏液(ye)等問題;故必須在(zai) 4.1V-4.2V 的 恒壓(ya)下充電(dian)(dian);

B. 過(guo)(guo)放保(bao)(bao)護：過(guo)(guo)放會導(dao)致活性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)恢(hui)復(fu)困難(nan)，故也需要(yao)有保(bao)(bao)護線路 控制。

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4)充電電池定義

充電電池(chi)(chi)(chi)又稱：蓄電池(chi)(chi)(chi)、二次(ci)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)，是(shi)可(ke)以反復充電使用的(de)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)。常(chang)見 的(de)有：鉛酸電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(用于汽(qi)車時，俗稱“電瓶”)、鎘鎳(nie)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)、氫(qing)鎳(nie)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)、鋰 離(li)子電池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

5)電池的額定容量

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)容量(liang)指在(zai)一定(ding)(ding)放電(dian)(dian)條件(jian)下，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)至(zhi)截止電(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)放出的(de)電(dian)(dian) 量(liang)。IEC 標準規定(ding)(ding)鎳(nie)鎘和鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai) 20_5℃環境下，以 0.1C 充電(dian)(dian) 16 小時(shi)(shi) 后(hou)以 0.2C 放電(dian)(dian)至(zhi) 1.0V 時(shi)(shi)所放出的(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)容量(liang)。單位(wei)有(you) Ah, mAh (1Ah=1000mAh)

1.6. 如何正(zheng)確使(shi)用鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池.

正(zheng)確(que)使用鋰(li)離子電池應(ying)注意(yi)以下幾點：

避(bi)免在嚴酷條(tiao)件下使用(yong)，如：高溫(wen)、高濕度(du)、夏(xia)日陽(yang)光下長時(shi)間暴曬等， 避(bi)免將電池(chi)投入火中;

裝、拆電池(chi)時，應確保用(yong)電器具處于電源關閉狀(zhuang)態;使用(yong)溫度應保持在 -20~55℃之間;

避(bi)免(mian)將(jiang)電池長時間(jian)“存放”在(zai)停止使用(yong)的用(yong)電器具中;

1.6.1.如何為新(xin)電池充電,

在(zai)使用(yong)鋰電(dian)池中(zhong)應注(zhu)意的(de)是(shi)，電(dian)池放(fang)置(zhi)一段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)后則進(jin)入休眠狀態，此(ci) 時(shi)容(rong)量低于正常值，使用(yong)時(shi)間(jian)亦隨之縮短。但鋰電(dian)池很容(rong)易激活，只要經過 3—5次(ci)正常的(de)充放(fang)電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)就(jiu)可(ke)激活電(dian)池，恢復正常容(rong)量。由于鋰電(dian)池本(ben)身 的(de)特性，決(jue)定了(le)它幾乎沒有記(ji)憶效應。因(yin)此(ci)用(yong)戶手機中(zhong)的(de)新鋰電(dian)池在(zai)激活過

程中(zhong)，是不需要特(te)別的方法和設備的。不僅理(li)論上(shang)是如此，從我(wo)自己的實踐

來(lai)看，從一開始(shi)就采用(yong)標準(zhun)方(fang)法充(chong)電(dian)這種(zhong)“自然激活”方(fang)式是最(zui)好的。

對(dui)于鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)“激活(huo)”問題，眾多的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間一(yi)定(ding)要超過 12 小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，反復(fu)做三(san)次，以(yi)(yi)(yi)便激活(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這種“前(qian)三(san)次充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要充(chong)(chong)(chong) 12 小時(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上” 的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)，明(ming)顯是(shi)(shi)(shi)從鎳(nie)(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(如鎳(nie)(nie)鎘和(he)鎳(nie)(nie)氫(qing))延(yan)續下來的(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)這種說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)(fa)， 可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)一(yi)開始就是(shi)(shi)(shi)誤傳。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)鎳(nie)(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)(te)性有非常(chang)大(da)的(de)區別，而 且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)非常(chang)明(ming)確的(de)告訴大(da)家，在所查閱過的(de)嚴肅的(de)且正式(shi)的(de)技(ji)術資料中都(dou)強 調過充(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會對(dui)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、特(te)(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)液體鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)造(zao)成巨大(da)的(de)傷(shang)害。因(yin)而 充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最好按照標準時(shi)(shi)(shi)間和(he)標準方法(fa)(fa)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，特(te)(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)不要進行超過 12 個小時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de) 超長充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

此外，鋰電(dian)(dian)池或充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)在電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)滿(man)(man)后都會自(zi)動(dong)停(ting)充(chong)(chong)，并(bing)不存(cun)在鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian) 器(qi)所(suo)謂(wei)的(de)持(chi)續 10 幾(ji)小時的(de)“涓(juan)流(liu)”充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。也就是說，如果(guo)你的(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)(chong) 滿(man)(man)后，放在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)上也是白(bai)充(chong)(chong)。而我們誰都無(wu)法(fa)保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)路

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的特(te)性(xing)永(yong)不(bu)變化和(he)質量的萬無(wu)一(yi)失，所以你(ni)的電池(chi)將長期處(chu)在危險的邊緣徘 徊。這也是我們反對(dui)長充電的另一(yi)個理由。

此外(wai)，不可忽視的另外(wai)一個(ge)方面就是鋰電(dian)池(chi)同(tong)(tong)樣也(ye)不適合過(guo)放電(dian)，過(guo)放 電(dian)對鋰電(dian)池(chi)同(tong)(tong)樣也(ye)很不利。

1.6.2、正常使(shi)用中應該何時開(kai)始充(chong)電

經常可以見(jian)到(dao)(dao)這種說法，因為充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)次數(shu)是(shi)有限的(de)，所以應(ying)該將手機 電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)盡可能用光(guang)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。但是(shi)我找到(dao)(dao)一個關于(yu)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)循環(huan)的(de) 實(shi)驗表(biao)，關于(yu)循環(huan)壽命(ming)的(de)數(shu)據列(lie)出如下:

循(xun)環壽(shou)命 (10%DOD):>1000 次

循(xun)環壽命 (100%DOD):>200 次

 DOD 是放電深度的英文縮寫。從表中可見，可充電次數和放電深度 有關，10%DOD 時的循環壽命要比 100%DOD 的要長很多。當然如果折合到實 際充電的相對總容量：10%*1000=100，100%*200=200，后者的完全充放電還 是要比較好一些，但前面網友的那個說法要做一些修正：在正常情況下，你 應該有保留地按照電池剩余電量用完再充的原則充電，但假如你的電池在你 預計第 2 天不可能堅持整個白天的時候，就應該及時開始充電，當然你如果 愿意背著充電器到辦公室又當別論。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量用完(wan)(wan)再(zai)充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則并不(bu)(bu)是要你走(zou)向極端。和長充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)(yi)樣流傳(chuan) 甚(shen)廣的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個說(shuo)法(fa)，就是“盡(jin)量把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量用完(wan)(wan)”。這(zhe)(zhe)種做法(fa)其實(shi)只是鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 池(chi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)是避免記(ji)憶效應(ying)發(fa)生，不(bu)(bu)幸(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是它也在鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上流傳(chuan)之(zhi)今。 曾經有人因為(wei)手(shou)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量過低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)警告出現后(hou)，仍然不(bu)(bu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)繼續使用一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)用 到(dao)自動關機的(de)(de)(de)(de)例子。結果這(zhe)(zhe)個例子中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)機在后(hou)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及開(kai)(kai)機中(zhong)均無反 應(ying)，不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)送客服檢(jian)修。這(zhe)(zhe)其實(shi)就是由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)因過度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過低(di)， 以(yi)至于(yu)不(bu)(bu)具(ju)備正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和開(kai)(kai)機條件(jian)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

                                                                                                                                        本(ben)文摘(zhai)自于(yu)全球電池網