電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車（以(yi)下(xia)簡稱“EB”）產業(ye)的(de)(de)興(xing)起，對(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器提出了(le)高要求。目前EB所配置(zhi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，多屬于傳統(tong)的(de)(de)三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器，三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式是(shi)將(jiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程分為恒流(liu)、恒壓(ya)(ya)、浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)三(san)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階(jie)段(duan)，以(yi)我國EB采(cai)用較多的(de)(de)36V12Ah鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組為例，第一階(jie)段(duan)以(yi)1.8A的(de)(de)恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到約44.4V；第二階(jie)段(duan)將(jiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減小至約0.3A，再次將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到44.4V；第三(san)階(jie)段(duan)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降至約41.4V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減至約50MA對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)。

從幾年(nian)來的使用情況看(kan)，三段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)器暴露了一些問(wen)題。以下仍(reng)以36V12Ah鉛酸蓄電(dian)池組為(wei)例，談談三段(duan)式充(chong)電(dian)器的缺陷和解決(jue)方案。

1、三段式充電器忽略了電池的負溫度特性

       三段式充電器充電參數的設定除(chu)受所配電池單體極(ji)板面(mian)積(ji)大小、電極(ji)特性、電解液密度(du)等因(yin)素影(ying)響(xiang)外，還受蓄電池的環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)的影(ying)響(xiang)。

雖然一直以來，人們(men)都(dou)明白電(dian)化(hua)學的(de)溫(wen)度效應是(shi)不(bu)能回(hui)避的(de)，但卻在充電(dian)器(qi)問題上(shang)忽略了。原因可以有很(hen)多，但特別應在此指出的(de)是(shi)：過去人們(men)對蓄(xu)電(dian)池容(rong)量(liang)、壽(shou)命與溫(wen)度之間關系的(de)感觸和認識從來沒有象今天這樣直接和具體，須知，這是(shi)千(qian)萬個EB用戶參與了“實驗”的(de)結果。

在我國幾乎所有(you)的(de)(de)地區，使用(yong)無溫度補償的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，都會(hui)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)造成損害。夏季過充(chong)(chong)，冬季欠充(chong)(chong)，過充(chong)(chong)和(he)欠充(chong)(chong)容易(yi)造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失水(shui)(shui)和(he)硫酸鹽(yan)化(hua)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)失水(shui)(shui)后，硫酸濃度提高，加劇了板極腐(fu)蝕，就更容易(yi)產生(sheng)硫酸鹽(yan)化(hua)，硫酸鹽(yan)化(hua)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)表現為更容易(yi)失水(shui)(shui)。這(zhe)是一(yi)種(zhong)連鎖(suo)反應(ying)。鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)硫酸鹽(yan)化(hua)是影響EB續(xu)駛里程和(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命的(de)(de)重要因素。

無(wu)溫(wen)度補嘗的(de)充電(dian)器究竟對電(dian)池(chi)的(de)損害有(you)多(duo)大，目前還缺少實驗數據，對蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)進行定量分析要比(bi)定性(xing)分析復雜困難(nan)得多(duo)，但(dan)以(yi)下的(de)數據可以(yi)參(can)考：EB標準規(gui)定，鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)循環次數不(bu)得不(bu)少于350次，但(dan)實際上(shang)有(you)相當(dang)多(duo)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)使用時(shi)間不(bu)到8個月，即循還次數不(bu)足240次。

充電器增加溫度補償功能并不困難，如只要將原基準電壓改為具有負溫度系數特性的基準電壓，一般就可以了。
2、三段式充電模式缺少修補性充電環節

      三(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)模式(shi)的恒流――恒壓――浮充(chong)三(san)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)階段(duan)，都是圍繞怎樣(yang)充(chong)滿電(dian)池來設計的，因此，這(zhe)三(san)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)階段(duan)占用(yong)了全部充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間，如36V12Ah電(dian)池組的充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流通常(chang)被設定(ding)為18A，有(you)公式(shi)：12(安時(shi)(shi)）×1.2（效率(lv)）÷8（小時(shi)(shi)）=1.8A。恰好能(neng)在標準規(gui)定(ding)的8h內將電(dian)池充(chong)滿，設計時(shi)(shi)就沒打算留出修(xiu)補電(dian)池的時(shi)(shi)間，更何況三(san)段(duan)式(shi)充(chong)電(dian)器一般也不具備修(xiu)補電(dian)池的功(gong)能(neng)。

       產(chan)業(ye)界向來有(you)人(ren)認為：我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)EB以(yi)采用鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池為主，并(bing)且采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)全動力(li)模式，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池長期不能達標，我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)EB產(chan)業(ye)將可(ke)能有(you)再次夭折的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)險。但技術(shu)界對(dui)此問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)認識是(shi)：要想鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池達標，除有(you)待于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池本身的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)進(jin)步(bu)外，采用充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與修(xiu)補功能兼備的(de)(de)(de)多功能充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)解決(jue)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效途徑。因此，我(wo)們建(jian)議立即從(cong)以(yi)下兩方面入手對(dui)EB充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)進(jin)行技術(shu)改造。一是(shi)將36V12Ah電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流從(cong)1.8A提高(gao)到(dao)3A以(yi)上(shang)，用約(yue)4h的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行常規性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，留出4h以(yi)上(shang)時(shi)(shi)間對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行修(xiu)補性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；二是(shi)給充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)增加對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行修(xiu)補性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)功能。

3、關于充電的波形和頻率

       充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器賴以(yi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)產生影響的(de)是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)及其波形和(he)(he)頻率，其中，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)主(zhu)要與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)得滿不(bu)(bu)滿有(you)關(guan)(guan)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)主(zhu)要與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)得快不(bu)(bu)快有(you)關(guan)(guan)，而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)波形和(he)(he)頻率則(ze)主(zhu)要與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)得好(hao)好(hao)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)有(you)關(guan)(guan)，這里的(de)“好(hao)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)”指得是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量和(he)(he)壽命(ming)。實(shi)踐證明，以(yi)上三(san)者雖(sui)各有(you)側重，但其關(guan)(guan)系是相輔相成、不(bu)(bu)可忽略(lve)的(de)。

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器屬于電(dian)源技(ji)術領(ling)域，在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程中強(qiang)調波形和頻(pin)率的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是開關電(dian)源出現以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)事，而三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式出現在(zai)(zai)線性電(dian)源時期，因此，三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式偏重于充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓和電(dian)流，缺少充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)波形和頻(pin)率方面的(de)(de)(de)內容是情有(you)可(ke)原(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)。現在(zai)(zai)，EB配(pei)置的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器全都是用(yong)開關電(dian)源技(ji)術設計的(de)(de)(de)，但卻仍采(cai)用(yong)三(san)段(duan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)模(mo)式，這顯(xian)然是不(bu)相(xiang)宜的(de)(de)(de)，據(ju)我們調查(cha)和檢測，目前的(de)(de)(de)EB充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器還不(bu)同程度地(di)存在(zai)(zai)以(yi)下問題：

（1）輸(shu)出(chu)紋波太小。有(you)的(de)竟只(zhi)有(you)50mV，顯(xian)然這是將充(chong)電(dian)器當成穩壓電(dian)源來做了，也許這種紋波可以(yi)用來給鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)，但對于36V鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)池來說，充(chong)電(dian)脈沖的(de)幅(fu)值應以(yi)1-2V為(wei)好(hao)。

（2）輸出連(lian)續三(san)(san)角波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。這通常是(shi)正(zheng)激(ji)式(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器才有的(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形，由于極化現象的(de)(de)存在，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池忌諱用(yong)直流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，包括(kuo)連(lian)續三(san)(san)角波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。常規性充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)最好波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形是(shi)單端反(fan)激(ji)式(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源通常所輸出的(de)(de)下降型脈沖(chong)，尤其(qi)是(shi)緊接脈沖(chong)之(zhi)后(hou)存在的(de)(de)一段休止時(shi)間，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)消除鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)而產(chan)生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學極化；比(bi)較(jiao)而言，正(zheng)激(ji)式(shi)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)溫(wen)升雖然可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)做得低一些，但(dan)其(qi)輸出波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形不如反(fan)激(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，不過這可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過調整其(qi)輸出三(san)(san)角波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)占空比(bi)來加以(yi)(yi)彌(mi)補。

（3）在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)電(dian)器與(yu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)之間串(chuan)聯有(you)一二極(ji)管。其目的(de)可(ke)能是為(wei)了(le)防止電(dian)池(chi)(chi)通過充(chong)電(dian)器放(fang)電(dian)，但這(zhe)樣做是錯誤的(de)。充(chong)電(dian)就是需要(yao)又充(chong)電(dian)又放(fang)，邊充(chong)邊放(fang)，充(chong)多放(fang)少，哪怕放(fang)電(dian)只有(you)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)百分之一，也將(jiang)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)抑(yi)制電(dian)池(chi)(chi)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)和(he)(he)(he)抬高氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)電(dian)壓等產(chan)生不可(ke)替(ti)代的(de)作用(yong)。應該認(ren)識到(dao)，如能在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)一常規(gui)性充(chong)電(dian)周(zhou)期留(liu)(liu)出幾微秒和(he)(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)修補性充(chong)電(dian)周(zhou)期留(liu)(liu)出幾秒鐘用(yong)來放(fang)電(dian)，對(dui)消除鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)充(chong)電(dian)時產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)化(hua)學極(ji)化(hua)和(he)(he)(he)濃(nong)差極(ji)化(hua)，從而增加和(he)(he)(he)延長電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量和(he)(he)(he)壽命將(jiang)會(hui)(hui)有(you)決定性意義。

（4）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率單調。一(yi)個優秀的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必須具(ju)有(you)多種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式(shi)(shi)：脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、負脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)激活、變(bian)頻充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等模式(shi)(shi)，只有(you)具(ju)備這些(xie)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)有(you)效地(di)(di)去除(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液濃(nong)度極差、板柵硫酸鹽化和極化現(xian)象(xiang)。脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高頻充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及變(bian)頻充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術，正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)被越(yue)來越(yue)多地(di)(di)應用(yong)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)上(shang)，可(ke)以預期(qi)，一(yi)種兼有(you)常規性充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)(neng)和修補性充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)(neng)的(de)多功能(neng)(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)必將替(ti)代功能(neng)(neng)單一(yi)的(de)三段式(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)而成為EB的(de)主流。

4、一種實用的EB多功能充電器的充電模式和參數

       如將凡包(bao)含常規(gui)性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)和修(xiu)補性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)統稱為(wei)多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，那么根據以(yi)(yi)兩(liang)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)結合方式(shi)的不同，可以(yi)(yi)設計出多種模式(shi)的多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，但從EB的適用(yong)(yong)(yong)角(jiao)度(du)考慮，還是將以(yi)(yi)上(shang)兩(liang)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)分開來(lai)設計好，即將有限的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)劃分為(wei)兩(liang)個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)段(duan)，前段(duan)時間(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)完成常規(gui)性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，后段(duan)時間(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)進行修(xiu)補性(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。以(yi)(yi)下(xia)仍以(yi)(yi)36V 12Ah鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池組為(wei)例，介紹一種實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的多功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)模式(shi)和參數。

4、1常(chang)規性(xing)充(chong)電階段

（1）電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)類型(xing)：單端反激式開關電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)；（2）滿輸出充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)頻(pin)率：25kHz，即(ji)(ji)(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)3A時的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)工(gong)作頻(pin)率；（3）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)波形：下降型(xing)三角脈(mo)(mo)沖；（4）脈(mo)(mo)沖幅度：約(yue)(yue)1.6V；（5）脈(mo)(mo)沖最(zui)大寬度：約(yue)(yue)25μs；（6）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)休止(zhi)時間：約(yue)(yue)15μs；（7）放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流：約(yue)(yue)50mA；（8）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)平均電(dian)(dian)流：3A；（9）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)峰(feng)值電(dian)(dian)流：約(yue)(yue)10A；（10）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間：約(yue)(yue)4h，即(ji)(ji)(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)4h后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)應上升到43.2V（常(chang)溫），容(rong)量已達75%以上；（11）減流轉(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：常(chang)溫下43.2V，該電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)“氣(qi)化點(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)”，即(ji)(ji)(ji)在用直流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的情況下，此時鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)解液已開始大量氣(qi)化。以下轉(zhuan)入修補性充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)階(jie)段。

4.2修補(bu)性充電階段

（1）線性減(jian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)及范圍：電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)上(shang)升到(dao)43.2V（常溫）時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)開(kai)始(shi)減(jian)小，減(jian)小的(de)速率(lv)呈線性，平均充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)從3A最(zui)終減(jian)為不小于0.3A，或峰值充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)從約10A減(jian)為1A；

（2）充電(dian)(dian)頻率變化范圍：線性(xing)減(jian)流時(shi)，隨著充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的減(jian)小，充電(dian)(dian)頻率開始(shi)上升，其變化范圍為(wei)25-100kHz；

（3）充電終止電壓：參見表1列出的“恒壓充電電壓”，該電壓相當于“氣化點電壓”加約1.2V，當電池電壓上升至該電壓時，充電器終止充電；

（4）重起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓：參見(jian)表(biao)1列出(chu)的“浮充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓”，終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下降，當降至重起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器將(jiang)再(zai)次起(qi)動將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)到(dao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而后充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓再(zai)次下降，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)將(jiang)循環反重地進行(xing)下去；

（5）, , 充電終止(zhi)時間：終止(zhi)充電后(hou)，電池電壓下降(jiang)的(de)時間起先較快，約(yue)幾秒鐘(zhong)，隨著時間推移(yi)，終止(zhi)充電的(de)時間會越(yue)來越(yue)長，可達幾分鐘(zhong)以上；

（6）修(xiu)補性充(chong)電的延續(xu)時間：4h以上(shang)不限。