以蓄(xu)電池(chi)為能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)電動自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)被認(ren)為是21世紀的(de)(de)(de)綠色工程，由于其(qi)具有省時省力、無廢氣污染、無噪音(yin)、輕便美(mei)觀等(deng)特點，受到眾多使(shi)(shi)用者的(de)(de)(de)青睞。但(dan)在使(shi)(shi)用中(zhong)也暴露出它的(de)(de)(de)局(ju)限性，那就(jiu)是蓄(xu)電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量決(jue)定(ding)(ding)了它僅能(neng)在較小(xiao)范(fan)圍(wei)內使(shi)(shi)用，而(er)且隨著使(shi)(shi)用時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)遞增，電池(chi)行(xing)駛(shi)里程會逐漸縮短，許多人都有半路電池(chi)耗盡(jin)，不得不費勁騎(qi)回家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)經歷。本文(wen)就(jiu)是要探(tan)討解決(jue)這一難題的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，提(ti)出一種(zhong)電動自(zi)(zi)行(xing)車(che)快速(su)充電的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式來解決(jue)這一問題，采用刷(shua)卡方(fang)式或(huo)其(qi)他計費方(fang)式對充電車(che)輛(liang)進行(xing)收費，并(bing)指(zhi)定(ding)(ding)電池(chi)類型。

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的成敗關(guan)鍵(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統，它(ta)必(bi)須具有充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間短、對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用壽命(ming)(ming)影(ying)響小(xiao)以(yi)及充滿判斷(duan)準確的特點(dian)。因(yin)此，研制性(xing)能(neng)優良、運行可靠(kao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統是十分必(bi)要的。在(zai)(zai)(zai)盡(jin)可能(neng)較小(xiao)影(ying)響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用壽命(ming)(ming)的前提下，希(xi)望能(neng)采用最大的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，在(zai)(zai)(zai)短時(shi)間內將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量基(ji)本充足。而且在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個過程中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)既不產生大量氣(qi)體，又不使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部溫度過高(gao)。

2 控制系統硬件電(dian)路設計

2.1 系統總體組成框圖

    本設計電(dian)源采(cai)用(yong)UC3842組成單(dan)端正激式(shi)開(kai)關電(dian)源，通過開(kai)關電(dian)源控制對蓄電(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充電(dian)。微處理器采(cai)用(yong)凌陽SPCE061A 16位單(dan)片(pian)機。12864液晶顯示(shi)出中文(wen)菜單(dan)，同時顯示(shi)電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)、溫度等狀態(tai)，并且利用(yong)凌陽SPCE061A 16位單(dan)片(pian)機的語(yu)音(yin)功能，對充電(dian)進(jin)行語(yu)音(yin)提(ti)示(shi)。系統總體組成框(kuang)圖如圖1所示(shi)。

    顯示(shi)部分(fen)采用(yong)ACM12864液晶(jing)顯示(shi)，該模塊價格低，數(shu)據(ju)可讀可寫，自帶(dai)負電(dian)(dian)壓發生電(dian)(dian)路，單+5V供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，帶(dai)背光，可與各種微處理器(qi)直接(jie)接(jie)口，數(shu)據(ju)讀寫操作不受外部時鐘控制，不帶(dai)漢字庫，占空比(bi)為1/64，外部共有20條引腳來(lai)進行外部接(jie)口。通(tong)過ACM12864模塊與SPCE061A的接(jie)口設計,可實(shi)現在充電(dian)(dian)過程中通(tong)過對電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、溫度等(deng)數(shu)據(ju)的采集，經過AD轉換，在液晶(jing)屏(ping)上實(shi)時顯示(shi)出來(lai)。

    電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)回路中(zhong)串聯一(yi)個(ge)0.1歐姆的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)讀取其上的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值來(lai)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)；電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)對蓄電(dian)(dian)池兩端的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)進(jin)行(xing)分壓(ya)，使分壓(ya)值在(zai)凌陽SPCE061A A/D轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍之內，從而(er)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。 蓄電(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)度(du)的(de)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)是用溫(wen)度(du)轉(zhuan)換(huan)專(zhuan)用芯片AD590來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)。在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，要不(bu)斷檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)溫(wen)度(du)、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值，當溫(wen)度(du)、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)有異常時，停止充電(dian)(dian)，發出報(bao)警(jing)信號。

    SPCE061A的(de)主(zhu)要特點：16個I/O口，32k字(zi)的(de)存儲空間，足夠(gou)存儲程序(xu)和(he)字(zi)模；它內部(bu)集成AD、DA和(he)看(kan)門狗定時(shi)器，這(zhe)些特性(xing)，可(ke)以(yi)大(da)大(da)簡(jian)化(hua)外圍電路。不僅外部(bu)電路簡(jian)單,而(er)且(qie)可(ke)以(yi)方便實現人性(xing)化(hua)很強的(de)人機(ji)界面（鍵盤(pan)輸(shu)入和(he)液晶中文菜單）和(he)語音提(ti)示功能。