電池發(fa)熱(re)有兩(liang)種(zhong)情況，一(yi)種(zhong)是放電發(fa)熱(re)，另一(yi)種(zhong)是充電發(fa)熱(re)。 

　　1，放電(dian)發熱(re) 

　　放(fang)電(dian)(dian)發熱的原(yuan)因主要有(you)：放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過快，有(you)可(ke)能是電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)小，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流長時間超過0．5C。 

　　1）當電(dian)動機額定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值低，電(dian)池容量較小，工作電(dian)流偏大時，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會(hui)急劇(ju)降低，容量也很(hen)快消耗，對電(dian)池最為(wei)不(bu)利。 

2）電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)化學反應(ying)速度(du)僅(jin)能夠維持(chi)行車，經常做整循環充放電(dian)，稍不注意便會超消耗(hao)。遇到(dao)迎風上坡(po)，耗(hao)電(dian)甚(shen)大，迫使電(dian)池(chi)極板急劇反應(ying)，電(dian)池(chi)外殼(ke)的熱度(du)較高(gao)，會使電(dian)池(chi)受(shou)到(dao)損傷，縮(suo)短壽命。 

　　3）比較理想的是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)化學反應速度充分(fen)地供給足夠的電(dian)(dian)能。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的外殼沒有異常(chang)熱(re)度，說明電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量是足夠的。 

　　2，充電發熱 

　　充電(dian)過程(cheng)中發熱，可(ke)能(neng)的故障原因有： 

    1）電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)自身問題(ti)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的衰(shuai)老，內(nei)阻變大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液干涸，內(nei)部(bu)有短(duan)路等造成發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)隨(sui)著使用的次(ci)數增(zeng)加，這包(bao)括放電(dian)(dian)(dian)和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中的水分子(zi)逐漸流失(shi)，這就(jiu)是我們講(jiang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)析(xi)氣、失(shi)水，從(cong)而導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應中發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)；另外則(ze)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溶(rong)液在(zai)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中形(xing)成硫酸結(jie)晶(jing)、沉(chen)淀(dian)粘糊在(zai)鉛板上，導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻增(zeng)大而發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)；這兩(liang)類問題(ti)可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)加水、去(qu)硫去(qu)極等技術手段予以(yi)解(jie)決。如若電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是因短(duan)跑斷格導(dao)致(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)，那最(zui)好更換新電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。 

    2）充電器問題，一般的充電器沒(mei)有脈沖(chong)功能，更沒(mei)有負脈沖(chong)消除極化功能，這類充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器通常不(bu)(bu)能在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期恒(heng)壓，以至造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超(chao)過允許值，從而導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)大(da)量析氣、失水(shui)、發(fa)熱。 現在(zai)市場上(shang)的(de)(de)普通充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，只是一昧的(de)(de)恒(heng)功率(lv)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，或是對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)等情況不(bu)(bu)能及時(shi)檢測，檢測到了也不(bu)(bu)能做出及進的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)調整或不(bu)(bu)能給出最(zui)佳的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方案，這些都(dou)是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)熱的(de)(de)原因。 

    對于普通的(de)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)來講，可(ke)以(yi)人為(wei)地控制溫升（這(zhe)是(shi)某電動(dong)車廠家給(gei)出(chu)的(de)方案）。方法是(shi)：在(zai)測(ce)量(liang)升高的(de)開始階段，及時(shi)斷開電源停(ting)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電，溫升和極(ji)化(hua)即自(zi)行停(ting)止(zhi)，但降(jiang)低(di)和消除極(ji)化(hua)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)時(shi)間。當溫度(du)降(jiang)低(di)后(hou)，再(zai)繼續充(chong)(chong)電，之(zhi)后(hou)再(zai)停(ting)充(chong)(chong)，如此反復，直至充(chong)(chong)滿為(wei)止(zhi)。可(ke)是(shi)這(zhe)未(wei)免(mian)太過于費(fei)神了些，試問一只(zhi)普通的(de)充(chong)(chong)電器(qi)(qi)產品(pin)，其充(chong)(chong)電時(shi)間即便是(shi)對12AH的(de)小電池進行充(chong)(chong)電也需(xu)要(yao)(yao)8小時(shi)以(yi)上，電動(dong)車的(de)用戶不可(ke)能(neng)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)足電而耗用8小時(shi)來不斷重(zhong)復測(ce)量(liang)電池溫度(du)、斷開電源、接通電源這(zhe)些動(dong)作！因此，此方法不可(ke)取(qu)。 

    那么，要從根本上(shang)解決因充電(dian)器問題導致的電(dian)池(chi)發(fa)熱(re)，就須(xu)正確(que)選(xuan)用充電(dian)器，電(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)過程是一個電(dian)化學(xue)反應過程，在這個過程中(zhong)，電(dian)池(chi)若出現(xian)微量發(fa)熱(re)情況則(ze)屬(shu)正常(chang)發(fa)熱(re)，如若發(fa)熱(re)異常(chang)，在電(dian)池(chi)性能良(liang)好的情況下則(ze)屬(shu)充電(dian)器原因。 

    如何選(xuan)擇充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)呢？首先，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)須為脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式(shi)為：充(chong)(chong)-停-充(chong)(chong)-停……這就讓電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)反應時(shi)接(jie)受能(neng)力(li)更好(hao)，同(tong)時(shi)在(zai)停充(chong)(chong)的過程中，有利于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池虛高的平(ping)復。 

    其次，選用的(de)充電(dian)器最好具備負(fu)脈沖功(gong)能，能在充電(dian)的(de)同(tong)時對電(dian)池起到一定的(de)維護。 

    最后，不論是普通充電器還是正負脈沖充電器，它們在充電過程中的控制問題則是重中之重，即便是正負脈沖充電器，如若充電控制不精確，那也會對電池贊成傷害，目前市場上的充電器基本上有恒功、恒壓、三段式充電器、脈沖充電器，最近又推出了充電控制技術的新理念，這種充電器借鑒了很多方面的技術，我們把它稱為模糊控制技術也不為過，介于是通用討論，那在這里，我們就用通俗一點的語言來介紹它，在介紹它之前呢，我們先看看三段式充電器，什么叫三段式？就是恒流、恒壓、恒功率的充電方式，它在充電時對電池特性的對應上有一定的合理性，但它最終無法控制電池在充電過程中發熱現象的產生，因為它的充電過程是一個三步走的常規方式，孰知市場上的電池性能各異，一種常規的充電模式對一組性能參數完全對應的電池來講，無異是最佳的充電方式，但換另一組性能有所差異的電池上，則效用便完全不同了，把電池充發熱算是輕微的，充鼓電池甚至充電時電池發生爆炸都有可能！那怎么才能做到對應每一組電池都是最佳的充電模式呢？隨著單片機應用于充電器，這個問題(ti)便(bian)逐漸(jian)得到了解決，隨時檢測電池內部電壓內阻等情況、適時選擇相對應的(de)充(chong)電模式、非固定的(de)充(chong)電過程，這便(bian)是我們(men)推崇的(de)這種(zhong)新(xin)的(de)充(chong)電控制技(ji)術的(de)基本(ben)原(yuan)理！