摘要(yao)：本應(ying)用筆記簡單(dan)介紹(shao)了(le)鎳(nie)鎘(NiCd)、鎳(nie)氫(NiMH)和(he)鋰(li)離(li)子(Li-Ion，Li+)可充電(dian)電(dian)池,討論它們的性能(neng)，并說明在不需要(yao)微控(kong)制器的情況下如何構建單(dan)機(ji)結構，安全、快速地為鎳(nie)氫和(he)鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)池充電(dian)。

車載充電器摘要：本應用筆(bi)(bi)記簡單介紹了鎳(nie)鎘(NiCd)、鎳(nie)氫(qing)(NiMH)和鋰離(li)子(Li-Ion，Li+)可充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi),討(tao)論(lun)它(ta)們的(de)性能，并說(shuo)明(ming)在不需(xu)要微控制器的(de)情(qing)況下如(ru)何構(gou)建單機(ji)(ji)結構(gou)，安全、快速地為(wei)鎳(nie)氫(qing)和鋰離(li)子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)。概述充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)已經(jing)成為(wei)當今(jin)電(dian)子產品的(de)一種標準電(dian)源，特別是便攜設備：筆(bi)(bi)記本電(dian)腦、手(shou)機(ji)(ji)、數碼(ma)相機(ji)(ji)。盡(jin)管(guan)電(dian)源電(dian)壓在不斷降低，但可充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)消耗的(de)絕(jue)對功(gong)率仍在不斷增(zeng)大。功(gong)耗增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)主要原因是設備功(gong)能的(de)增(zeng)強(qiang)，例如(ru)：數碼(ma)相機(ji)(ji)與手(shou)機(ji)(ji)的(de)功(gong)能整(zheng)

　　概述充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)已(yi)經(jing)成為當今電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品的(de)(de)一(yi)種標準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，特別是便攜(xie)設(she)備(bei)：筆記(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦、手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)、數碼相機(ji)(ji)。盡管(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在不斷降低，但可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)絕對(dui)功率仍在不斷增(zeng)(zeng)大。功耗增(zeng)(zeng)長的(de)(de)主要原因是設(she)備(bei)功能(neng)的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)強，例如(ru)：數碼相機(ji)(ji)與手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)功能(neng)整合，筆記(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)運算速度以及大尺寸屏幕的(de)(de)需(xu)求等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。便攜(xie)設(she)備(bei)功耗的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)大使(shi)得用可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)要比標準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性價比更(geng)高(gao)。更(geng)為重要的(de)(de)是，可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)更(geng)有利(li)于(yu)環保。使(shi)用充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)極大地減少有害物質的(de)(de)排放、材(cai)料的(de)(de)消(xiao)耗、以及生產同等(deng)(deng)(deng)一(yi)次性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所需(xu)的(de)(de)能(neng)源(yuan)。

　　本文介紹了可(ke)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池的(de)化學成分(fen)；同(tong)時說明(ming)了各種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池的(de)典型特征和選擇電(dian)池類型時需要(yao)重(zhong)點(dian)注(zhu)意的(de)事項。另(ling)外(wai)還(huan)討論了在不(bu)使用微控制器或電(dian)源浪涌的(de)主適配(pei)器的(de)情況下如(ru)何構建單機結(jie)構，安全、快速地對鎳氫(qing)和鋰離子充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池進行充(chong)電(dian)。

　　可充電(dian)電(dian)池類型(xing)20世紀80年代的(de)便攜設備，如數字無(wu)繩(sheng)電(dian)話(hua)、隨身聽和電(dian)動剃(ti)須刀(dao)等(deng)，主要由鎳(nie)鎘(NiCd)電(dian)池供電(dian)。到了90年代后期，鎳(nie)氫(qing)(NiMH)電(dian)池和鋰離子(Li-Ion)電(dian)池逐漸(jian)進入市場并開始流行。

　　因為價格比鎳(nie)氫和鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池便宜，鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池在低端應用(yong)中十(shi)分普(pu)遍。鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池可(ke)提供最高的放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，適合短時(shi)間內(nei)需(xu)要大(da)功率輸出的應用(yong)。

　　另一(yi)方面(mian)，鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電池曾經被所謂的(de)(de)記憶效(xiao)應困擾(現在(zai)的(de)(de)鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電池很少(shao)考慮(lv)這個(ge)因素)，使電池容量降低。如果鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電池在(zai)未完全(quan)放電的(de)(de)情況下再充電，一(yi)些活性(xing)物質(zhi)會累(lei)積并且開始結(jie)晶(jing)(在(zai)陽極有(you)100μm的(de)(de)鎘(ge)累(lei)積層)，通(tong)過(guo)化學反應這層物質(zhi)會自行消失(shi)(一(yi)塊全(quan)新(xin)電池的(de)(de)陽極大約有(you)1微米厚度的(de)(de)鎘(ge)結(jie)晶(jing))。

　　出(chu)現記憶效應會導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)越來(lai)越小(xiao)，端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓越來(lai)越低，使得電(dian)(dian)池(chi)到達(da)最低可用端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(關斷(duan)點)的(de)(de)時間比預(yu)期的(de)(de)早許多(duo)，如圖1所(suo)示(shi)。鎳鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)另一個缺點是它的(de)(de)活性物質中含有(you)有(you)毒的(de)(de)鎘(ge)(ge)(Cd)，早期的(de)(de)鎳鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)處理時會產生和成本問題(ti)。。所(suo)以(yi)，歐洲法規2000/53/EG在(zai)2005年12月31號(hao)后銷(xiao)售鎳鎘(ge)(ge)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

　　鎳氫電池比鎳鎘電池更環保，但是價格更貴。鎳氫電池的放電電流略小，但受惰性效應的影響。惰性效應是比鎳鎘電池記憶效應稍輕的一種現象。惰性效應是由于鎳的結晶導致的。惰性效應和記憶效應一樣，導致無法完全使用可充電電池的全部容量，但都可以通過使用帶有放電功能的充電器來避免。

　　圖1.鎳鎘電(dian)池的(de)記憶(yi)效應(ying)與鎳氫(qing)電(dian)池的(de)惰性效應(ying)之間的(de)比較(jiao)

　　鋰電(dian)子(zi)可(ke)(ke)充電(dian)電(dian)池價(jia)格(ge)最高，但具有足夠高的能(neng)量密度，因而可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在給定(ding)尺寸下提(ti)供更優性能(neng)，更適合(he)小(xiao)尺寸、高集成度的便(bian)攜設備(bei)。

　　表1給出了(le)各種類型電池的主要特性。

　　表1.各種類型充電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)概述

　　MaximumDischargeCurrent>5C<3C<2C

　　室溫下。

　　C=電池容量。

　　單機鎳氫電池快速充電器雖然(ran)很(hen)多(duo)人(ren)更(geng)偏(pian)愛鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用依然(ran)很(hen)流行。因為鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)比鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)便(bian)宜很(hen)多(duo)，所以在MP3播(bo)放器、閃光燈配(pei)件(jian)、車燈等(deng)設(she)備(bei)中經常(chang)能(neng)看到標準的(de)AA和AAA鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

　　一塊可(ke)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的溫(wen)度和(he)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)逐步上升，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)完(wan)全(quan)充(chong)滿后開始下降(jiang)(圖2)。所以，鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的主要任務是檢測到這個突(tu)變點并中(zhong)斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，或者從快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)切換到涓流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。另外，在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)對溫(wen)度和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行連續可(ke)以提供系統(tong)的安全(quan)性(xing)。

　　圖2.這些(xie)曲線顯示了NiMH充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中典(dian)型的電(dian)(dian)壓(頂部(bu))和溫度(底(di)部(bu))隨時間的變化

　　DS2711/DS2712充電器具備上(shang)述功能。另外，它們可(ke)以單機工作，不(bu)需要微(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)或微(wei)處理器(qi)。該系列產品是專門為(wei)單節(jie)AA或AAA可(ke)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池設計(ji)的，同時也適用(yong)于或并聯的兩節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池。DS2711采用(yong)線性控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)結構(gou)，DS2712采用(yong)開關控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)結構(gou)。為(wei)了最大(da)限度地(di)延長工作時間、節(jie)約電(dian)(dian)池能量(liang)，這(zhe)些(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)有4種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)：預充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)、快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)、浮充(chong)(chong)和(he)涓(juan)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。在浮充(chong)(chong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)下，電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)滿后充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)速率被切(qie)換到(dao)一個比較低(di)的速率(對于DS2711而(er)言(yan)是25%)。

　　簡單充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖除功能外(wai)(wai)，DS2711/DS2712充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器還帶有內部(bu)(bu)計時(shi)(shi)(shi)器，通過(guo)連(lian)接到TMR引腳的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)設定(ding)(ding)最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，可將快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)設置(zhi)在(zai)0.5到10小時(shi)(shi)(shi)。浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)已經(jing)設定(ding)(ding)為最大(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)一(yi)半(0.25到5小時(shi)(shi)(shi))。根(gen)據所要求的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(TAPPROX)，由下式計算電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值：

　　R=1000TAPPROX/1.5

　　快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電模式下，如果超過最(zui)大充(chong)(chong)(chong)電時(shi)間(jian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器會從快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電模式切換到(dao)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)模式，同時(shi)復位計(ji)時(shi)器。計(ji)時(shi)器開始為浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)過程計(ji)時(shi)，如果達到(dao)預定(ding)的浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)間(jian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器將從浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)模式切換到(dao)涓流(liu)模式(圖3)。

　　圖3.該典型應(ying)用電(dian)(dian)中(zhong)，DS2711電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器為2個的鎳氫充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)

　　VP1、VP2用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，THM1、THM2配合熱(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻用來監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)溫(wen)度。TMR(計時器)和(he)RSNS(檢流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻)用于設(she)定充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。DS2711/DS2712的(de)另(ling)外一個特性(xing)(xing)是(shi)可以檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)和(he)堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)原電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。如(ru)果發生這些情況(kuang)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器會自行關機。該特性(xing)(xing)十分重要，因(yin)為(wei)如(ru)果給堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池泄(xie)漏，產生有害(hai)的(de)液體和(he)/或氣體。有毒氣體以及會與周圍材(cai)料起反應的(de)液體通常會損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)/或外圍設(she)備。

　　如(ru)何檢(jian)測堿(jian)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)全新(xin)的(de)鎳氫AA電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)典(dian)型內(nei)阻在30mΩ到(dao)(dao)(dao)100mΩ，堿(jian)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)內(nei)阻一般在200mΩ到(dao)(dao)(dao)300mΩ(根據充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，最高可到(dao)(dao)(dao)700mΩ)，出現故障的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會有(you)很高的(de)內(nei)阻。DS2711/DS2712通(tong)過檢(jian)測到(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(VP1和(he)(he)VP2)和(he)(he)已設(she)定的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可以計算(suan)出待充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)內(nei)阻。

　　CTST引腳(用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)測試、設置門(men)限)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻(zu)的(de)(de)測量。VCTST是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓減(jian)去無充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)的(de)(de)開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(OCV)后的(de)(de)差值(zhi)。這個(ge)值(zhi)等(deng)于充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流乘(cheng)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內阻(zu)的(de)(de)乘(cheng)積。如果檢測引腳(VP1、VP2和(he)VN1)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)沒有(you)采用(yong)(yong)Kelvin連接，引線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)也將計(ji)入測量值(zhi)，影響(xiang)VCTST。計(ji)算外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)RCTST的(de)(de)公(gong)式(shi)為：

　　RCTST=8000[V2/A]/VCTST,whereVCTST=ICharge×RCELL

　　圖4.圖3中所示充電器的充電流程

　　單機鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)因為不需(xu)(xu)要(yao)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變(bian)化(hua)率(dV/dt)，鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)比鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)簡單。同時(shi)，由于鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對過充(chong)(chong)(chong)非常，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)一個精(jing)確的4.2V±50mV電(dian)(dian)(dian)源恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。至于鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)不僅需(xu)(xu)要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓監測(ce)，還需(xu)(xu)要(yao)其它功能(溫度、計(ji)時(shi)等(deng))。

　　單機鋰離子電池充電器MAX8601內置所謂的VBATT可控電壓源，它可以在+25°C提供4.2V±0.021V，或在40°C

　　圖(tu)5.MAX8601鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)單機充電(dian)器的(de)典型(xing)應(ying)用電(dian)圖(tu)

　　MAX8601充電(dian)器(qi)的主(zhu)要(yao)優點是可(ke)以(yi)通過外(wai)(wai)部(bu)適配(pei)器(qi)或(huo)USB端口給電(dian)池充電(dian)(圖(tu)6)。USB端口根據USEL引腳的設置可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)(ti)供100mA、500mA電(dian)流(典型USB輸出(chu)電(dian)流)。該芯(xin)片會自動選擇(ze)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)電(dian)源(主(zhu)適配(pei)器(qi)或(huo)USB)。如(ru)果兩個電(dian)源同(tong)時存在，它會選擇(ze)主(zhu)適配(pei)器(qi)進行充電(dian)。任何一個電(dian)源都必須能夠(gou)提(ti)(ti)供最小(xiao)4.5V的電(dian)壓。通過USB端口充電(dian)可(ke)以(yi)降低(di)(di)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)電(dian)源模(mo)塊(kuai)的成本，電(dian)源模(mo)塊(kuai)通常體積較(jiao)大且效率較(jiao)低(di)(di)。

　　MAX8601具有(you)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓預充(chong)(chong)(chong)、限壓/限流快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)模式等控(kong)制算法，優(you)化了鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。器件還有(you)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)復位以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過壓、高溫/低溫檢測(ce)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)(de)連續監(jian)測(ce)功能。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中出現(xian)過壓、高溫或低溫會(hui)造成充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)永久損壞，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量和(he)使(shi)用時間，甚(shen)至(zhi)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)報廢。最(zui)壞的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，會(hui)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)泄漏或爆(bao)炸。MAX8601確(que)保充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中不會(hui)出現(xian)上述危(wei)害，從而延長了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用時間，消除了潛(qian)在的(de)(de)情(qing)況。

　　圖6.圖5中(zhong)充電(dian)器的充電(dian)流程圖

　　結論DS2711/DS2712和(he)MAX8601都是單機充電(dian)器，它們具(ju)有多種功能(電(dian)壓、功率、溫度、計時等)，既(ji)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)微控制器，也不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)電(dian)源浪涌，而且(qie)提供(gong)清晰、簡(jian)單的外部(bu)切(qie)換。

　　常見問題及解答

　　什么場合不(bu)適合使用可(ke)再充電(dian)電(dian)池？

　　答(da)：不(bu)要(yao)在諸如遙控和煙(yan)霧(wu)報警等(deng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)中使(shi)(shi)用(yong)充電電池(chi)。因為這些應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的電源(yuan)要(yao)求比(bi)較低，而且設備不(bu)經常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。可(ke)再充電電池(chi)比(bi)普通電池(chi)具有更高的自放電率。譬(pi)如，鎳氫電池(chi)每(mei)天損(sun)失1%的電量。因而它(ta)的工作時間不(bu)太(tai)長。

　　能(neng)否給(gei)一次性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(如堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池)充電(dian)(dian)？

　　答：不能(neng)給(gei)堿(jian)性(xing)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)。堿(jian)性(xing)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)化學成分及構造不適合進行充(chong)電(dian)，入的(de)能(neng)量會發(fa)熱，隨著內部溫度的(de)上升，電(dian)池(chi)通常會出現泄漏現象(xiang)，有(you)時可能(neng)會爆炸。電(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)有(you)毒物質對的(de)影響很大。

　　為什么監測充電電池的溫度十分重要？

　　答：盡管(guan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)化學(xue)成分(fen)及構造(zao)適合進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)允(yun)許(xu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)及充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率有所。短時(shi)間(jian)(jian)內充(chong)(chong)入過多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)會使內部溫度升高(gao)，同堿性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)樣(yang)，可(ke)能(neng)造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)泄漏甚(shen)至(zhi)爆炸。一(yi)旦充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，額外的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發熱。如果不對溫度進行監測，并降低充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率或停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可(ke)能(neng)會對產生同樣(yang)的(de)(de)危害(hai)。這就是DS2711/DS2712/MAX8601在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中監測諸多參數的(de)(de)原因所在，這樣(yang)將(jiang)確保較(jiao)長的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用時(shi)間(jian)(jian)以及安(an)全的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程。