一.充(chong)電器、控制器概(gai)述(shu)

    充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車四大核(he)心(xin)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)之一(yi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的好壞嚴重影響著蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)由整(zheng)流(liu)濾(lv)波、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開關、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)換(huan)、恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)制等幾個部(bu)分組成。其中(zhong)整(zheng)流(liu)濾(lv)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的用(yong)(yong)途是將交(jiao)流(liu)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)轉變為(wei)支流(liu)300V左(zuo)右的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，通過高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)換(huan)，產(chan)生(sheng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時所需的低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，再由充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)控(kong)(kong)制后對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，采用(yong)(yong)這種方(fang)式(shi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)具有(you)體積小、重量輕、效率(lv)高(gao)等優點。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)的實現(xian)方(fang)式(shi)與(yu)組成部(bu)分：目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)(xing)車用(yong)(yong)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)，不管有(you)刷(shua)無刷(shua)，普遍采用(yong)(yong)PWM調速方(fang)式(shi)。控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)內部(bu)必須要(yao)有(you)PWM發生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，還要(yao)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，功率(lv)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，功率(lv)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)，控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，控(kong)(kong)制部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)（轉把(ba)、閘把(ba)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機霍(huo)耳等）信(xin)號采集單元與(yu)處理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，過流(liu)與(yu)欠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。

    二.充電器(qi)的使用和保養

    充電器的正確使用，不僅影響到充電器自身的(de)(de)可靠性和使用壽命，而且還會影響到(dao)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)壽命。使用充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)對蓄電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，請先插上(shang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出插頭(tou)，后(hou)插輸(shu)入(ru)插頭(tou)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)源指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)顯示紅色(se)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)也顯示為紅色(se)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿后(hou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)示燈(deng)為綠色(se)。停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)，請先撥下充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)插頭(tou)，后(hou)撥充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出插頭(tou)。通常情況下，對電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)過度放電(dian)和過度充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)是有害的(de)(de)。因此(ci)，要(yao)勤充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，不要(yao)過放充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。

    電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)與其放電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)有(you)很大關(guan)系。鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)尤(you)其怕虧電(dian)(dian)放量。虧電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放置(zhi)3-7天，將有(you)可能永久損壞。因此，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)過(guo)后請盡快充電(dian)(dian)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)長期不(bu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，應每隔15天左右對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)一次，以補償(chang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存放時的(de)自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量的(de)損失。

    充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器在(zai)(zai)使用過程(cheng)中(zhong)需防潮、防濕，并放置在(zai)(zai)通風良好的地方。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器工作時有(you)一定的溫升，請注意散熱，通常充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間在(zai)(zai)7-8小時，視電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用狀態(tai)而不同。

    充(chong)電器屬于(yu)較精密的電子設備，因此(ci)，在使用中要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)意防(fang)振動(dong)。盡(jin)量不要(yao)隨(sui)車攜(xie)帶(dai)，如確要(yao)攜(xie)帶(dai)，應(ying)將充(chong)電器用減(jian)振材料包裝好后放置于(yu)車上工具箱(xiang)內，并應(ying)注(zhu)(zhu)意防(fang)雨、防(fang)潮。

    三(san).充電器的故障與檢修

    1、輸出電壓正(zheng)常，但充電電流(liu)很小

    遇到(dao)這種情(qing)況(kuang)時，應(ying)該檢(jian)查電(dian)壓元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)是否(fou)有(you)接觸不良或損壞，如果一(yi)切正常，那么要更換充電(dian)器(qi)來排除故障(zhang)。

    2、嚴重發(fa)熱，甚至有外殼燒化(hua)變形現(xian)象

    這主要(yao)是部分用(yong)戶經常(chang)隨(sui)車攜(xie)帶造成部分元器件(jian)松動引起的故障。主要(yao)表現為：電壓(ya)工作狀(zhuang)態不正常(chang)，熱量很大，嚴重時(shi)充電器外殼變形，電路板燒焦(jiao)，導致電壓(ya)損(sun)壞。可將虛焊處重新焊接好。如仍不能排除故障，則(ze)需檢查是否(fou)有元器件(jian)開(kai)路。

    3、充電(dian)時電(dian)源指示燈亮，充電(dian)指示燈橙色

    首先請檢查一(yi)下充電(dian)器輸(shu)出插頭與電(dian)池盒的充電(dian)插頭有沒有插緊。如確定沒有問題(ti)，可檢查一(yi)下電(dian)池盒上面的保險(xian)絲(si)是否開路或保險(xian)絲(si)座有松(song)動接觸不良現象。

    另外，有的車型要把電(dian)池鎖(suo)打開后才能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。如果以上故障(zhang)均排除，考慮(lv)一下(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)線(xian)是(shi)否開路，可用萬用表電(dian)壓檔(dang)（200V檔(dang)）測量一下(xia)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的空載輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓，應為41-44V（配36V電(dian)池因充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)不同有所不同），如果沒有的話，可能(neng)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)線(xian)開路，并將充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)打開，換一根輸(shu)出(chu)線(xian)，即可排除故障(zhang)。

    注意：在更換(huan)充(chong)電器的(de)輸出線時，一(yi)定要注意原機的(de)正負不要接反。

    4、電(dian)源指示(shi)(shi)燈不亮(liang)，充(chong)電(dian)指示(shi)(shi)燈不亮(liang)，充(chong)電(dian)指示(shi)(shi)燈也不亮(liang)

    檢查充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源插頭(tou)是否連(lian)接好(hao)，可(ke)將充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器輸入(ru)插頭(tou)插至正(zheng)常的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源插座中，若情況依(yi)舊，將充電(dian)(dian)(dian)品外(wai)殼打(da)打(da)開，觀(guan)察(cha)一下機內保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲連(lian)接是否完好(hao)，有(you)無(wu)斷路(lu)，如(ru)沒有(you)斷路(lu)，現檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸入(ru)線是還良好(hao)，在(zai)排除電(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸入(ru)線的故障后，應檢查一下電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板上高壓區附近的元(yuan)器件是否有(you)虛(xu)焊(han)現象。另(ling)外(wai)，開路(lu)也會引(yin)直(zhi)上述(shu)故障，如(ru)機內保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲已斷，則千(qian)萬不要更(geng)換在(zai)安培的保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲（充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)絲管一般為2A），應重(zhong)點檢查其元(yuan)件有(you)無(wu)損壞，如(ru)有(you)損壞，可(ke)用同(tong)類型的更(geng)換。

    5、發熱量(liang)在，且伴有異常響聲，充不(bu)進電

    故障原因是輸出(chu)級消振阻容損壞所致。另外(wai)，元器件的開路(lu)或虛(xu)焊也(ye)會(hui)引起上述故障。

    6、輸出部分銅箔燒斷

    打(da)開充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)后(hou)現充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)部分銅(tong)箔燒斷(duan)，這(zhe)通常(chang)是將(jiang)是池正負極反接的(de)結果，由此(ci)而(er)引起的(de)故障將(jiang)會導致(zhi)充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)許多元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)損(sun)壞。如果充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)保(bao)險(xian)絲沒有壞，則通常(chang)更(geng)換元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)后(hou)將(jiang)斷(duan)銅(tong)箔連上即可(ke)恢(hui)復正常(chang)。如果充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)的(de)保(bao)險(xian)絲已(yi)斷(duan)，則故障較嚴重(zhong)，有可(ke)能要逐一檢查并更(geng)換各損(sun)壞元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)。

    7、工作時有異常(chang)響聲(sheng)，電(dian)源(yuan)指(zhi)示燈與充電(dian)指(zhi)示燈暗且閃爍

    故障原因原因是(shi)元器件

損(sun)壞，可更(geng)換損(sun)壞元器件，并使(shi)充電(dian)器輸出電(dian)壓(ya)在正常工作(zuo)范(fan)圍內。

    8、輸出電壓很高

    輸出電壓很高（在(zai)于50V），其故障原(yuan)因是某元(yuan)器件(jian)短路(lu)或開路(lu)，具本判(pan)斷時可測量(liang)集成電路(lu)的腳電壓。

    注：更(geng)換后，應(ying)重(zhong)新(xin)用萬用表(biao)測量車此時的充電器(qi)輸出電壓(ya)，正(zheng)常值應(ying)為(wei)41-44V之間(jian)，如果有偏(pian)差，須調整元器(qi)件，使(shi)充電器(qi)輸出電壓(ya)保持正(zheng)常。

    四.控制器故障(zhang)與(yu)維修

    影響控制(zhi)器可靠性的因素：控制(zhi)器的失效，從(cong)表現(xian)形式來看(kan)，一般有(you)以(yi)下幾種(zhong)：

      1、功率器件損(sun)壞；

      2、控制器(qi)內部供電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)損壞；

      3、控制器(qi)工(gong)作時斷時續(xu)；

      4、連接線磨(mo)損(sun)及接插件(jian)不良(liang)或(huo)脫落引起控制信(xin)號(hao)丟失。

    針對以上失效(xiao)形式(shi)的起(qi)因分析(xi)如下：

      A、功(gong)(gong)率器件(jian)的(de)損(sun)壞(huai)，一般有以(yi)下幾種可能：電(dian)機損(sun)壞(huai)引起(qi)(qi)的(de)；功(gong)(gong)率器件(jian)本身(shen)的(de)質量差或選用(yong)等級不夠引起(qi)(qi)的(de)；器件(jian)安裝或振動(dong)松動(dong)引起(qi)(qi)的(de)；電(dian)機過載引起(qi)(qi)的(de)；功(gong)(gong)率器件(jian)驅動(dong)電(dian)路(lu)損(sun)壞(huai)或參數設計不合理(li)引起(qi)(qi)的(de)。

      B、控(kong)制器內部電源的損壞，一般有以下幾種(zhong)可能：控(kong)制器內部電路(lu)短路(lu)；外(wai)(wai)圍控(kong)制部件(jian)短路(lu)；外(wai)(wai)部引線短路(lu)。

      C、控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)工(gong)作起(qi)來時斷時續(xu)，一般有(you)以(yi)下幾種可能：器(qi)件本(ben)身在高(gao)溫(wen)或低溫(wen)環境下參數(shu)漂移；控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)總(zong)體設(she)計功耗大導致某些(xie)器(qi)件局(ju)部溫(wen)度(du)過高(gao)而使器(qi)件本(ben)身進入保(bao)護(hu)狀態；接觸不良。

      D、連接線磨損及接觸插件接觸不良或脫落，一般有以下幾種可能：線材選擇不合理；對線材的保護不完備；接插件的選型不好；線束與接插件的壓接不牢。
     控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)故障(zhang)與(yu)檢修(xiu)   通過測(ce)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)連接部件或引線的(de)電源(yuan)電壓或信號電壓，可分析判斷出控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)的(de)故障(zhang)所在。以(yi)下是控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)常見故障(zhang)的(de)檢測(ce)與(yu)排除方法。

    一(yi)、有刷(shua)控制器沒有輸出

    將萬用表(biao)設置在+20V（DC）檔(dang)位，先測(ce)量(liang)閘把輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)信號(hao)的(de)(de)高、低電(dian)位。如果捏閘把時，閘把信號(hao)有超過4V的(de)(de)電(dian)位變化，則可排除(chu)閘把故障(zhang)(zhang)。之后，按照(zhao)有刷(shua)控制器(qi)(qi)常(chang)用芯(xin)片(pian)引腳功能表(biao)，與測(ce)量(liang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)主控芯(xin)片(pian)與邏(luo)輯(ji)芯(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓值(zhi)進行電(dian)路分析，并檢(jian)查(cha)各芯(xin)片(pian)外圍器(qi)(qi)件（電(dian)阻、電(dian)容、二(er)極管）的(de)(de)數值(zhi)是否(fou)和元件表(biao)面的(de)(de)表(biao)識相一致，檢(jian)查(cha)出(chu)(chu)(chu)是外圍器(qi)(qi)件或(huo)是集成(cheng)電(dian)路出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)故障(zhang)(zhang)。我們可以通過更換(huan)同(tong)型號(hao)的(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)件來排除(chu)故障(zhang)(zhang)。

    二、無(wu)刷控制器沒有輸出

    無刷控制(zhi)器電(dian)源與閘把(ba)的故障(zhang)可以參考(kao)有刷控制(zhi)器的故障(zhang)排除(chu)方(fang)法(fa)予以排除(chu)。

    三、飛(fei)車

    飛車故障一般是由MOS管擊(ji)穿引(yin)起的。判斷MOS管好壞的方法，可用萬(wan)用表(biao)的二極管檔位(wei)測量MOS管三個引(yin)腳，應該(gai)沒有短路現象。如果MOS管損壞，則可以通過更換同型號(hao)的器件來排除故障。

    四(si)、有刷控制(zhi)器(qi)部件的電源不正常

    控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)內部電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)一般采用三(san)端(duan)穩(wen)壓(ya)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，一般用7805、7806、7812、7815規格的(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，它們(men)的(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)分別是5V、6V、12V、15V。將萬(wan)用表(biao)(biao)設(she)置在直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)+20V（DC）檔(dang)位，將萬(wan)用表(biao)(biao)筆黑表(biao)(biao)筆與(yu)(yu)紅表(biao)(biao)筆分別靠在轉把的(de)黑線和(he)紅線上，觀察萬(wan)用表(biao)(biao)讀數是否與(yu)(yu)標稱電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)符，它們(men)的(de)上下電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差不應超(chao)過0.2V，否則說明(ming)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)內部電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)出(chu)(chu)現故(gu)障了。一般有刷控(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)可以通過更換三(san)端(duan)穩(wen)壓(ya)集成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)排除故(gu)障。

    五、無刷(shua)控制器完全沒(mei)有輸出

    參照(zhao)(zhao)無刷控制(zhi)器主相位檢(jian)查測量圖(tu)，用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表直流電(dian)(dian)壓+50V檔，檢(jian)測6路MOS管柵(zha)極電(dian)(dian)壓是否(fou)與(yu)轉把的轉動(dong)角呈對應關(guan)系。如(ru)果沒有對應關(guan)系，表示(shi)控制(zhi)器里的PWM電(dian)(dian)路或MOS管驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路有故(gu)障(zhang)。參照(zhao)(zhao)無刷控制(zhi)器主相位檢(jian)查圖(tu)，測量芯(xin)片(pian)的輸(shu)入輸(shu)出(chu)引(yin)腳的電(dian)(dian)壓是否(fou)與(yu)轉把轉動(dong)角度有對應關(guan)系，可以判(pan)斷(duan)出(chu)是哪些芯(xin)片(pian)有故(gu)障(zhang)。更(geng)換同(tong)型號芯(xin)片(pian)即可排除故(gu)障(zhang)。

    六、電(dian)路元件的更換方(fang)法(fa)與注意事項

    在檢(jian)測出集(ji)成電路、MOS管損壞的情況下(xia)，就需要更換集(ji)成電路、MOS管，下(xia)面介紹一些常用的操作方(fang)法。

    1、拆卸集成(cheng)電路(lu)

    拆卸(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，用酒(jiu)精燈火焰外焰加熱印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)板焊接(jie)成電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)引(yin)腳焊盤，快(kuai)速均勻地移動印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)板，直至所有焊盤的(de)焊錫融化(hua)，用鑷(nie)子將集(ji)(ji)成電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)從印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)(shua)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)板上取下。焊接(jie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將焊孔里的(de)焊錫清除(chu)干凈，將集(ji)(ji)成電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)插裝好(hao)，用接(jie)地良好(hao)的(de)電(dian)烙鐵迅速焊接(jie)好(hao)各引(yin)腳。注意(yi)速度要快(kuai)，以免因焊接(jie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間長(chang)，引(yin)起(qi)局部溫度過高，損壞電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或焊盤。

2、拆卸功率器件

    拆(chai)卸時，將MOS管(guan)或三端穩壓的(de)管(guan)腳剪(jian)斷，然后分別焊下它們的(de)引(yin)腳，這樣可以避免拆(chai)卸大(da)管(guan)腳元(yuan)件時損(sun)壞印(yin)刷電路板焊盤(pan)。

    3、焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)集(ji)成(cheng)電路(lu)(lu)、功(gong)率器件(jian)(jian)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)竅門在(zai)于是(shi)(shi)否能(neng)(neng)一(yi)次性焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)好。因(yin)為電烙(luo)(luo)鐵是(shi)(shi)有一(yi)定(ding)熱(re)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如果將電烙(luo)(luo)鐵長(chang)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)停(ting)留在(zai)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)處，很可能(neng)(neng)會使電烙(luo)(luo)鐵上的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)傳遞到(dao)非焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)上，損壞(huai)(huai)高(gao)精(jing)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)。這就是(shi)(shi)電動車電元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時，特別(bie)值得注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方，以(yi)此來避(bi)免損壞(huai)(huai)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電路(lu)(lu)。焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)集(ji)成(cheng)電路(lu)(lu)、功(gong)率器件(jian)(jian)，首先要除去多(duo)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)焊(han)(han)錫，使焊(han)(han)錫