一．鉛酸蓄電池(chi)按使用用途區(qu)分：

    啟(qi)動型(xing)蓄電池:

    瞬間放電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力強(qiang)，卻(que)不(bu)(bu)會深度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，持續(xu)時(shi)間3到5秒內(nei)，一(yi)般我們啟動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車時(shi)都會發(fa)現，啟動(dong)(dong)型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池持續(xu)啟動(dong)(dong)越(yue)大越(yue)打不(bu)(bu)動(dong)(dong)，因(yin)為啟動(dong)(dong)型(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)有一(yi)個能(neng)量蓄(xu)積過(guo)程，不(bu)(bu)是均衡放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)般工(gong)作也不(bu)(bu)會深度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，完全(quan)不(bu)(bu)需要靠脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流來充飽和，所以該蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池普遍用于汽(qi)車、摩托(tuo)等作為啟動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機使用。

    動力型蓄電池(也稱(cheng)深循環(huan)電瓶)：

    瞬間放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)力較差(cha)，但可以深度放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，并(bing)且放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)流變化幅(fu)度比啟動型(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)池小。一般適用于高(gao)爾夫球車(che)(che)(che)、電(dian)(dian)動公(gong)共車(che)(che)(che)輛、叉車(che)(che)(che)、洗地(di)機、杠桿(gan)式升降機、新能(neng)(neng)源、應急燈、休閑型(xing)車(che)(che)(che)等作為驅動電(dian)(dian)源使用。動力型(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)池可提供持續穩(wen)定的電(dian)(dian)力供應。

    后備電(dian)源型蓄電(dian)池:

    主要(yao)(yao)使用(yong)于UPS電源、應急燈、通信(xin)機(ji)房等。其主要(yao)(yao)作用(yong)是停(ting)電時(shi)作為(wei)應急電源使用(yong)，一(yi)般(ban)不需要(yao)(yao)深度放(fang)電，因為(wei)一(yi)般(ban)停(ting)電后很快會(hui)恢復。

    4.儲能型蓄電池：

    主要用(yong)于風力、太(tai)陽(yang)能發電(dian)后將產生的電(dian)能儲存(cun)起來后通(tong)過(guo)逆變器轉換成交流電(dian)提供(gong)給電(dian)網(wang)。

    二．按維(wei)護方(fang)式區分：

    1.開口富液蓄電池（加(jia)水(shui)型）：

    此類蓄電池大部分(fen)采用鉛銻(ti)合金板柵(zha)，充電時容易發生水分(fen)子(zi)的減少，每(mei)隔一(yi)定時間必須檢查電解(jie)液(ye)的液(ye)面(mian)，如液(ye)面(mian)低(di)于極板則添加(jia)蒸餾水至高(gao)于液(ye)面(mian)，還要經常測(ce)試(shi)酸的濃度。超過一(yi)段時間不使用需必須定期補充電等。

    2．閥控式貧(pin)液式蓄電池(chi)（所(suo)謂免維護蓄電池(chi)）：

    閥(fa)控(kong)式蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池大部分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)鉛鈣合(he)金板柵，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時產生的水分(fen)解(jie)量(liang)少，水份蒸(zheng)發量(liang)低，加(jia)上(shang)外(wai)殼采(cai)用(yong)(yong)密封結構(gou)(gou)，釋放(fang)出來的硫酸氣體（專業稱為酸霧(wu)）也很少，所(suo)以(yi)它(ta)與(yu)開口(kou)富(fu)液式蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池相比(bi)，具(ju)有不需添加(jia)任何液體，不會(hui)漏液，對接線樁頭(tou)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)線腐蝕(shi)少，抗過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力強，電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)儲存時間長等優(you)點。另外(wai)閥(fa)控(kong)式蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池由于自身(shen)結構(gou)(gou)上(shang)的優(you)勢，它(ta)還具(ju)有耐震、耐高(gao)溫(wen)、體積小(xiao)、自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)小(xiao)的特點。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命一般(ban)比(bi)開口(kou)富(fu)液式蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池長,減少了(le)維護(hu)成本，降低了(le)對使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)員的管理標準。

    但切記閥控式蓄(xu)電(dian)池不(bu)是(shi)真正的(de)免維(wei)(wei)護(hu)電(dian)瓶(ping)，所謂稱之(zhi)為免維(wei)(wei)護(hu)只是(shi)相對于開(kai)口富液蓄(xu)電(dian)池而言，超過一段時間(jian)不(bu)使用也(ye)需采(cai)用定期補充電(dian)等維(wei)(wei)護(hu)措施。

    市場上(shang)的(de)免維護蓄電(dian)池也有兩(liang)種：一種為(wei)不(bu)流動的(de)液體(ti)(ti)（AGM），另(ling)一種為(wei)電(dian)解(jie)液為(wei)凝(ning)膠狀(zhuang)（GEL）。GEL膠體(ti)(ti)閥控(kong)式蓄電(dian)池比AGM閥控(kong)式蓄電(dian)池具有循(xun)環(huan)使(shi)用(yong)性能(neng)更(geng)好、自放電(dian)低、電(dian)解(jie)液無(wu)分(fen)層現象及(ji)不(bu)會發生熱失控(kong)等諸多優(you)勢。

    充電器）

    此種(zhong)充電機一般內(nei)部都有變壓器。其優點(dian)是(shi)結構簡單，負載能力強一些(xie)，可靠性強；缺點(dian)是(shi)笨(ben)重不(bu)易攜(xie)帶、內(nei)耗(hao)浪(lang)費大，控制(zhi)性能比(bi)較少。

    高頻充電機 （開關型充電器）

    高頻充電(dian)機顧名思義(yi)就是(shi)頻率高。其一般不帶(dai)變壓器，主(zhu)要通過電(dian)子電(dian)路進(jin)行控(kong)制(zhi)。其優(you)點是(shi)輕巧便攜，工作(zuo)功(gong)能齊全。

    按技術含量區分(fen)：

    普(pu)通型充電機(ji)：

    主(zhu)要適(shi)合(he)于臨時性(xing)、緊急性(xing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)（主(zhu)要適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于啟動型(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)池）。其設計簡(jian)單、價格低，這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機一般不帶(dai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)功能(neng)，也不會(hui)自動停機。此(ci)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機不適(shi)合(he)專業的(de)及(ji)長(chang)期性(xing)對除啟動型(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)池以外的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，因為長(chang)期使(shi)用(yong)(yong)會(hui)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機產生副作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。

    智(zhi)能型充電(dian)機：

    主要適用于長期及保(bao)護性(xing)的對專業蓄電(dian)(dian)池進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。此種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)機充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)是變化的，具有(you)(you)(you)科學(xue)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量控制技術，確保(bao)蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)足，不(bu)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)、不(bu)欠充(chong)(chong)；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)顯示運行狀(zhuang)態，蓄電(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量；具有(you)(you)(you)自(zi)動檢測、延時(shi)啟(qi)動、開路、接反、過(guo)載、短(duan)路、過(guo)熱、溫度補償(chang)、恒流、恒壓(ya)、脈(mo)沖、均衡充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)等功能；具有(you)(you)(you)自(zi)動補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)功能，充(chong)(chong)足后(hou)自(zi)動關機等功效，無(wu)需人員看管。

    注意：充電時充電電流應稍小些，采用與電瓶容量相匹配的充電器（決不可以(yi)超過(guo)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)15%），如(ru)采用(yong)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)易使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可能會發生爆炸，導致傷人并造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)短(切記如(ru)只(zhi)追求充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間的(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)只(zhi)會對您的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶造成傷害(hai))。另外(wai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)分為開口(kou)富(fu)液(ye)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（加水型(xing)）及閥控式貧液(ye)式蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（所謂免維(wei)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）兩種，它們(men)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線是不同(tong)的(de)(de)。目前(qian)市場上(shang)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)大部分是為啟(qi)動型(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而(er)設計的(de)(de)，不適用(yong)于(yu)動力型(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。