蓄電(dian)(dian)池是(shi)(shi)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)唯一能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，它除了(le)供給汽車(che)(che)驅動(dong)行駛(shi)所需(xu)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)外，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)汽車(che)(che)上各(ge)種(zhong)輔助裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)工作電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)各(ge)項性能(neng)(neng)指標很大(da)程度地決(jue)定了(le)汽車(che)(che)的(de)行駛(shi)性能(neng)(neng)，如純(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)續駛(shi)里程和加(jia)速或爬坡動(dong)力性能(neng)(neng)等。因此(ci)，世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國均(jun)將電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)池視為(wei)研發重點，給予大(da)力的(de)政策以及財政支(zhi)持。

　　自(zi)1970年Propulsion Batteries Limited申請(qing)(qing)第一(yi)件純(chun)電(dian)動汽車用蓄電(dian)池專(zhuan)利(li)申請(qing)(qing)US3928080以來(lai)，幾乎(hu)每年都有新專(zhuan)利(li)申請(qing)(qing)被(bei)提交，尤其在(zai)1991年后(hou)，有關(guan)純(chun)電(dian)動汽車用蓄電(dian)池的專(zhuan)利(li)申請(qing)(qing)相較于之前成倍增長(chang)。

　　日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)：目前(qian)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)研究主要集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其(qi)次為鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)(he)鈉電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)。從(cong)世界(jie)范圍內的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)總量(liang)來看(kan)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)擁有的(de)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及(ji)其(qi)管(guan)理系統相關專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)數量(liang)最(zui)多。從(cong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)國內的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)量(liang)來看(kan)，在(zai)(zai)和(he)(he)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及(ji)其(qi)管(guan)理系統有關的(de)6782件專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)中(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)超(chao)過90%的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)來自日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)人。無論是(shi)從(cong)世界(jie)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)擁有量(liang)角度，還(huan)是(shi)從(cong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)中(zhong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)人所(suo)占的(de)份額(e)角度，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)在(zai)(zai)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及(ji)其(qi)管(guan)理系統領域都(dou)是(shi)實力最(zui)強者，掌控著絕大部分專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利技術。

　　美國：作為世界上最大的汽車生產和消費國，美國較早開展了電動汽車技術研究和開發。目前，美國純電動汽車用蓄電池的研究主要集中在鋰電池，鋰電池相關專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)占動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)70%以上，其(qi)次為(wei)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、空氣電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鈉電(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。從世(shi)界(jie)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)來(lai)(lai)看，截至2010年6月(yue)，美(mei)國的(de)(de)(de)純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車用蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)及其(qi)管(guan)理系統(tong)相關專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)位于日本之后，排名(ming)第二。從美(mei)國國內的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)量(liang)來(lai)(lai)看，在和純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車用蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)及其(qi)管(guan)理系統(tong)有關的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)中，來(lai)(lai)自(zi)日本申請(qing)(qing)人的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)最(zui)多，接近(jin)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)60%，而來(lai)(lai)自(zi)美(mei)國申請(qing)(qing)人的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)次于日本。

　　德(de)國(guo)(guo)：目前，德(de)國(guo)(guo)純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)(yong)蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究主要集中在(zai)鋰電(dian)池，其(qi)次為(wei)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池、鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池、鈉電(dian)池和空氣電(dian)池等。從(cong)世界范圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)(shen)請的(de)(de)(de)(de)總量(liang)來看(kan)(kan)，截至2010年6月(yue)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)(yong)蓄電(dian)池及其(qi)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統相關專(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)(shen)請數(shu)量(liang)居世界排名第6位(wei)(wei)，與(yu)排名首位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)專(zhuan)利(li)數(shu)量(liang)相差很大，僅占日(ri)本(ben)(ben)申(shen)(shen)請量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)11%。從(cong)德(de)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)(shen)請量(liang)來看(kan)(kan)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)申(shen)(shen)請人持有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)利(li)約占總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)43%，高于排名第二的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)。在(zai)全球范圍來看(kan)(kan)，德(de)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)(yong)蓄電(dian)池及其(qi)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術實力遠不及日(ri)本(ben)(ben)，但是在(zai)本(ben)(ben)國(guo)(guo)范圍內，德(de)國(guo)(guo)擁有(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術優勢(shi)，專(zhuan)利(li)擁有(you)量(liang)高于日(ri)本(ben)(ben)。

　　韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)：當前(qian)韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)汽車產量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)出口量(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)別名列全球(qiu)第(di)五位和(he)第(di)四(si)位。韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車用蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)主要集中(zhong)在(zai)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，其(qi)專利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量(liang)(liang)(liang)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高于(yu)鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鈉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。從(cong)世界范圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)專利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)來(lai)看，韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車用蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)系統(tong)相關專利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)日本(ben)(ben)、美國(guo)(guo)(guo)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)歐洲之后。從(cong)韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)專利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量(liang)(liang)(liang)來(lai)看，在(zai)和(he)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車用蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)系統(tong)有關的(de)(de)(de)(de)專利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)中(zhong)，申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最多的(de)(de)(de)(de)專利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)來(lai)自韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)本(ben)(ben)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)人，日本(ben)(ben)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)人排名第(di)二(er)，申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量(liang)(liang)(liang)僅次于(yu)韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。這(zhe)兩個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家在(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)系統(tong)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)韓(han)國(guo)(guo)(guo)專利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)請(qing)量(liang)(liang)(liang)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高于(yu)排名第(di)三的(de)(de)(de)(de)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)他國(guo)(guo)(guo)家。

　　中國：我國圍繞提高單體電池的電性能、安全性能和壽命等綜合技術指標進行了大量的研究攻關，目前高功率鎳氫電池、鋰離子電池性能有(you)了較大提高(gao)。從世(shi)界(jie)范圍內(nei)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)總量來(lai)看(kan)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及(ji)(ji)其管理系(xi)統(tong)領域的(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)(qing)數量僅次于日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)和(he)美國(guo)(guo)，排名第三(san)。從中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)的(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)(qing)量來(lai)看(kan)，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)在(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)(guo)擁有(you)的(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申請(qing)(qing)(qing)數量最多，松下、豐田(tian)、三(san)洋等知名日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)企業在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)擁有(you)數量較多的(de)高(gao)質量的(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)。我國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)企業中(zhong)(zhong)，比亞(ya)(ya)迪(002594,股吧)汽車(che)在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)技術領域的(de)研(yan)發(fa)實力(li)較為(wei)突出，主(zhu)要以鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為(wei)研(yan)究重點，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)結(jie)構及(ji)(ji)制造方(fang)法十分重視。比亞(ya)(ya)迪汽車(che)早在(zai)(zai)(zai)2003年就申請(qing)(qing)(qing)了第一件純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及(ji)(ji)其管理系(xi)統(tong)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)，2003年開始(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)用(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)及(ji)(ji)其管理系(xi)統(tong)方(fang)面進行海外市場專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)布(bu)局(ju)，第一條海外申請(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)美國(guo)(guo)。

　　在未(wei)來幾年的(de)(de)時間(jian)里，在電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)領域(yu)的(de)(de)知(zhi)識產(chan)權競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭中(zhong)(zhong)，日本將走在美(mei)國(guo)、歐洲和其他國(guo)家的(de)(de)前列。但由(you)于電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)業正處于快速成長期，許(xu)多關(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)尚未(wei)出現(xian)成熟的(de)(de)解決方案，美(mei)國(guo)和歐洲依托其強(qiang)大的(de)(de)基礎研(yan)究優勢，極有可能在某些(xie)關(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)上率先取得(de)突破性進(jin)展，重(zhong)新獲得(de)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭優勢。加(jia)(jia)之(zhi)韓國(guo)和中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)等(deng)汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)業的(de)(de)后(hou)起之(zhi)秀不斷加(jia)(jia)大電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)研(yan)發投入，可以預料未(wei)來電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)競(jing)(jing)(jing)爭格局將更加(jia)(jia)復(fu)雜。