電(dian)動車充(chong)電(dian)器是專門為電(dian)動自行車的(de)電(dian)瓶配置的(de)一個充(chong)電(dian)設備！

　　充電器的分類： 用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一(yi)般(ban)使用帶工頻變(bian)壓器的充電(dian)機，體積大(da)(da)、重量大(da)(da)，費電(dian)，但(dan)(dan)是可靠，便宜；電(dian)動自行車和電(dian)摩則使用所謂(wei)開關電(dian)源式電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)器，省電(dian)，效率(lv)高，但(dan)(dan)是易壞。

　　開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源式(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的正(zheng)確操作是(shi)：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，先插電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，后(hou)加(jia)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；充(chong)(chong)足后(hou)，先切斷市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后(hou)拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池插頭。如(ru)果在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時先拔(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池插頭，特別是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大（紅燈(deng)）時，非常容易損壞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。

　　常用的開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)源式(shi)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)又分半(ban)橋式(shi)和(he)(he)單(dan)(dan)激(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)兩(liang)大類(lei)，單(dan)(dan)激(ji)(ji)(ji)類(lei)又分為正激(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)和(he)(he)反激(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)兩(liang)類(lei)。半(ban)橋式(shi)成本(ben)高，性能好，常用于帶負(fu)脈(mo)沖的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)；單(dan)(dan)激(ji)(ji)(ji)式(shi)成本(ben)低，市場占有率(lv)高。

　　關于負脈沖充電器

　　鉛酸電(dian)池已經有100多年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史了，開始(shi)全球普遍沿(yan)引(yin)老的(de)(de)觀點和操作(zuo)規程：充(chong)、放電(dian)率(lv)為(wei)0.1C(C是電(dian)池容量)壽命較長。美國(guo)人(ren)麥斯先(xian)生為(wei)解決(jue)快速充(chong)電(dian)問題(ti)，1967年(nian)向全世界公布(bu)了他的(de)(de)研究成果，用(yong)大于1C率(lv)脈沖電(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)，充(chong)電(dian)間歇時對電(dian)池放電(dian)。放電(dian)有利(li)于消除極(ji)化、降(jiang)低電(dian)解液溫度、提高極(ji)板接受電(dian)荷的(de)(de)能力。

　　我國一(yi)些科技工(gong)作者(zhe)在1969年前后，根據麥斯(si)先生(sheng)的三定律制作成功(gong)了多種品(pin)牌的快(kuai)速充電(dian)機。充電(dian)循環(huan)過程是：大電(dian)流脈(mo)沖充電(dian)→切(qie)斷充電(dian)通(tong)路(lu)→對(dui)電(dian)池短暫放電(dian)→停止放電(dian)→接通(tong)充電(dian)通(tong)路(lu)→大電(dian)流脈(mo)沖充電(dian)……

　　2000年前后，有人將這一(yi)原(yuan)理用到了(le)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)中，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中，不切斷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)通路，用小電(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)池短(duan)路瞬間(jian)，進行(xing)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路時(shi)由于(yu)不切斷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)通路，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)通路中串(chuan)連了(le)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)。一(yi)般在(zai)1秒(miao)內短(duan)路3－5毫秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫秒(miao)），由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)里(li)的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不能跳(tiao)變，短(duan)路時(shi)間(jian)短(duan)促(cu)，可以(yi)保(bao)護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)源轉(zhuan)換部(bu)分。如果把充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)方(fang)向叫正，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)自然為負了(le)，電(dian)(dian)動車(che)業(ye)就(jiu)出現了(le)名詞(ci)“負脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)”，而(er)且稱可以(yi)延長電(dian)(dian)池壽命等等。

　　關于(yu)三段式充(chong)電器(qi)

　　近幾年，電動(dong)車普遍使用了(le)所謂三(san)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式充(chong)電器(qi)，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)恒(heng)(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)涓(juan)流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。從電子技術角度(du)針對電池而(er)言：第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)充(chong)電限流(liu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)高恒(heng)(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫(jiao)低恒(heng)(heng)壓階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)比較貼(tie)切。第(di)(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換時(shi)，面板指示(shi)燈相應變(bian)換，大多數充(chong)電器(qi)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)、二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是(shi)紅(hong)燈，第(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變(bian)綠燈。第(di)(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和第(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的相互(hu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換是(shi)由充(chong)電電流(liu)決定(ding)的，大于(yu)某電流(liu)進入第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，小于(yu)某電流(liu)進入第(di)(di)(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。這個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)電流(liu)叫(jiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換電流(liu)，也叫(jiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)折電流(liu)。

　　早期充電器，包括名牌車配套的充電器，雖然也變燈，但(dan)實際(ji)是恒壓限流充(chong)電(dian)器，并不是三階段充(chong)電(dian)器。一(yi)般(ban)這類就一(yi)個穩定電(dian)壓值，44.2V左右，對當時的(de)高比重硫(liu)酸的(de)電(dian)池(chi)還湊合。

　　關(guan)于(yu)三段式充(chong)電(dian)器的三個關(guan)鍵(jian)參數

　　第(di)一個重要(yao)參數是涓流(liu)階(jie)段(duan)的(de)低(di)恒壓值，第(di)二個重要(yao)參數是第(di)二階(jie)段(duan)的(de)高恒壓值，第(di)三(san)個重要(yao)參數是轉換電(dian)流(liu)。這三(san)個重要(yao)參數與電(dian)池(chi)數目(mu)有關，與電(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量Ah有關，與溫度有關，與電(dian)池(chi)種類有關。為(wei)(wei)了(le)方便大家記憶，下面以最常見的(de)電(dian)動自行車（三(san)塊12V串(chuan)聯的(de)10Ah電(dian)池(chi)）所用的(de)三(san)段(duan)式充電(dian)器為(wei)(wei)例簡單(dan)介紹一下：

　　首先討(tao)論(lun)涓(juan)流(liu)階段的低(di)恒(heng)壓值，參(can)考電(dian)(dian)壓為42.5V左右。此(ci)值高將使電(dian)(dian)池失水(shui)，容易使電(dian)(dian)池發熱變形；此(ci)值低(di)不利(li)于電(dian)(dian)池充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)。此(ci)值在南(nan)(nan)方要低(di)于41.5V；膠體電(dian)(dian)池要低(di)于41.5V，如(ru)在南(nan)(nan)方還要低(di)一點兒。這個參(can)數(shu)是相對(dui)嚴格的，不可以大于參(can)考值。

　　其次討(tao)論第二階(jie)段的(de)高恒壓值(zhi)(zhi)，參(can)考(kao)電壓為44.5V左右。此(ci)值(zhi)(zhi)高有利于快(kuai)速充足(zu)電，但是容易使(shi)電池失水(shui)，充電后期電流下不來，結果(guo)使(shi)電池發熱變形；此(ci)值(zhi)(zhi)低(di)不利于電池快(kuai)速充足(zu)電，有利于向涓(juan)流階(jie)段轉換。這個(ge)值(zhi)(zhi)雖(sui)然沒(mei)有第一(yi)個(ge)值(zhi)(zhi)那樣嚴格，但是也不要過(guo)高。

　　最(zui)后(hou)討論轉(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，參考(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為300毫(hao)安左右。此(ci)值(zhi)高有(you)利于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命(ming)，不容易發熱變形(xing)，但不利于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池快(kuai)速充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此(ci)值(zhi)低（對外行）有(you)利于(yu)充足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，但是由于(yu)較長時間高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，容易使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池失水，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池發熱變形(xing)。特別個別電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出(chu)現問題時，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流降不到轉(zhuan)折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流以下(xia)時，會連累好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池也被充壞。給出(chu)的(de)參考(kao)值(zhi)有(you)一定(ding)范圍(wei)，正負50毫(hao)安甚(shen)至100毫(hao)安都是允許(xu)的(de)，但是不允許(xu)小于(yu)200毫(hao)安。

　　目前，市場上出現(xian)了很多高恒(heng)壓值(zhi)為46.5V、低恒(heng)壓值(zhi)為41.5V、轉折電(dian)(dian)流大于500毫安的反(fan)激式(shi)廉價充電(dian)(dian)器。

　　如果是四塊(kuai)12V電(dian)池的充電(dian)器(qi)即(ji)48V充電(dian)器(qi)，前兩個參(can)數為前述電(dian)壓(ya)參(can)考值(zhi)除以三乘以四。高恒壓(ya)值(zhi)為59.5V左右(you)、低恒壓(ya)值(zhi)為56.5V左右(you)。

　　電池如(ru)果比10Ah大(da)，將(jiang)第三個參數電流(liu)值適(shi)當增大(da)，例如(ru)17Ah電池可大(da)到500毫安。

　　買新充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)要(yao)檢查三(san)段式充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)三(san)個重要(yao)參數(shu)，用戶一般(ban)可以(yi)自己測(ce)得第(di)三(san)階段的(de)低(di)恒(heng)壓(ya)值。方法是，不接電(dian)池，給充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)加(jia)市電(dian)，用數(shu)字萬用表(biao)的(de)200V直(zhi)流電(dian)壓(ya)檔測(ce)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)。另兩個參數(shu)高恒(heng)壓(ya)值和轉折電(dian)流一般(ban)需要(yao)專用工(gong)具才能測(ce)得。

　　再(zai)(zai)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)一(yi)些正確的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法：1，變(bian)綠燈后再(zai)(zai)接著充(chong)(chong)2－3小時。2，原(yuan)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)淺(qian)放(fang)(fang)（電(dian)）勤充(chong)(chong)（電(dian)），每次用到50%以后再(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，不要充(chong)(chong)電(dian)太頻繁這(zhe)樣(yang)會縮短電(dian)池壽命 3，長期(qi)不騎(qi)，要定期(qi)（1個月）充(chong)(chong)電(dian)一(yi)次。4，長期(qi)淺(qian)放(fang)(fang)的(de)電(dian)池，3個月左右，作(zuo)一(yi)次深放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)所謂放(fang)(fang)光再(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，有利于電(dian)池深部的(de)長期(qi)不動的(de)物質的(de)活化。放(fang)(fang)光的(de)意思是(shi)(shi)(shi)，騎(qi)到控制器(qi)電(dian)池欠壓保護動作(zuo)為止(zhi)。

　　需(xu)要提醒(xing)客戶幾點：1，一般新電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)投入使用(yong)8－10個(ge)月后，要對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行檢查和維(wei)護。2，一般名牌(pai)車配(pei)套的(de)充電(dian)(dian)器是(shi)經過篩選(xuan)的(de)，通常不用(yong)測(ce)試(shi)，但是(shi)單獨到市(shi)場(chang)上采購的(de)非配(pei)套充電(dian)(dian)器，一定要進行前(qian)述三個(ge)參數的(de)測(ce)試(shi)。3，有一種不帶(dai)工頻變壓(ya)器的(de)可控硅(gui)充電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，直接整流(liu)(liu)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可到30A，電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)12V－80V可調，未徹底切(qie)斷市(shi)電(dian)(dian)前(qian)，千萬不要摸(mo)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，貨運三輪使用(yong)這類充電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)客戶特別要注意安全。

　　科林(lin)充電器的特點（科林(lin)充電器與(yu)電池的關系）

　　特點：能夠有(you)效(xiao)延長(chang)鉛酸電池的使(shi)用壽(shou)命+

　　原理：鉛酸電池損壞的主要原因及東科(ke)達的解決(jue)方案

　　1、鉛酸電池損壞的四大原因：①失(shi)水 ②硫化(hua) ③失(shi)衡 ④熱失(shi)控（充(chong)鼓）

　　前(qian)兩者①、②占了目前(qian)市場上電(dian)池(chi)損壞(huai)的97%。