電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程通常可分為預充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、補足充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、涓流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)四個階段。 

對(dui)長期(qi)不用(yong)的或新電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，一開始就采用(yong)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，會影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的壽命。因此，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)池應先(xian)用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其(qi)滿足一定的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件(jian)，這(zhe)個階段稱為預充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。 

快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)是用(yong)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，迅速(su)恢(hui)復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。快速(su)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)一般在1C以上，快速(su)充時間(jian)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)決定。 

為了避免過充電，一些充電器采用小電流充電。鎳鎘電池正常充電時，可以接受C/10或更低的充電速率，這樣充電時間要10h以上。采用小電流充電，電池內不會產生過多的氣體，電池溫度也不會過高。只要電池接到充電器上，低速率恒流充電器就(jiu)能對電(dian)(dian)池提供很(hen)小的涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。電(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池內產生的熱量可以自(zi)然散去。 

涓流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)主要問題是充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度太(tai)慢，例如，容量為1Ah的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，采用(yong)(yong)C/10充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間要10h以上。此外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池采用(yong)(yong)低充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率反(fan)復充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，還(huan)會產(chan)生枝晶。大部分(fen)涓流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)，都沒有任何電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或溫度反(fan)饋(kui)控制(zhi)，因而(er)不能保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，立即關(guan)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。 

快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)分恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)兩種，恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)就是以(yi)恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)則是首先用脈(mo)(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)流對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。然(ran)后讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，如此循環。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)(de)幅值(zhi)很(hen)大、寬度很(hen)窄。通常(chang)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)(de)幅值(zhi)為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)(de)3倍左右(you)。雖(sui)然(ran)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)(de)幅值(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量有關，但是，與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流幅值(zhi)的(de)(de)比值(zhi)保持(chi)不變，脈(mo)(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流波形(xing)。 

充(chong)(chong)電過程中(zhong)(zhong)，鎳鎘(ge)電池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎳還(huan)原(yuan)為(wei)氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)亞鎳，氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)還(huan)原(yuan)為(wei)鎘(ge)。在(zai)這個過程中(zhong)(zhong)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)泡(pao)，聚集在(zai)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)兩邊，這樣就會(hui)減小極(ji)(ji)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)面積，使極(ji)(ji)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內阻增大。由于極(ji)(ji)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)面積變小，充(chong)(chong)入(ru)全部電量(liang)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間增加(jia)。 加(jia)入(ru)放(fang)電脈(mo)(mo)沖后，氣(qi)泡(pao)離開(kai)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)并與負極(ji)(ji)板(ban)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)復(fu)合。這個去極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)過程減小了(le)電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內部壓力、溫度(du)和內阻。同時，充(chong)(chong)入(ru)電池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大部分電荷都轉換為(wei)化(hua)(hua)學能(neng)，而不會(hui)轉變為(wei)氣(qi)體和熱量(liang)。 充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電脈(mo)(mo)沖寬度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇應能(neng)保證極(ji)(ji)板(ban)恢復(fu)原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶體結構，從而消(xiao)除記(ji)憶效(xiao)(xiao)應。采(cai)用放(fang)電去極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)措施(shi)后，可以提高(gao)充(chong)(chong)電效(xiao)(xiao)率并且允許(xu)大電流快速充(chong)(chong)電。 

采用某些快速充電止法時，快速充電終止后，電池并未充足電。為了保證充入100%的電量，還應加入補足充電過程。補足充電速率一般不超過0.3C。在補足充電過程中，溫度會繼續上升，當溫度超過規定的極限時，充電器轉入涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。 存放(fang)時，鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量將按C/30到C/50的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)減(jian)小，為(wei)了(le)補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池因自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)損失的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，補(bu)足(zu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器應自動轉入涓(juan)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程。涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)稱為(wei)維(wei)護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性，涓(juan)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)一(yi)般都很低。只要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池接(jie)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器上并且充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，在(zai)維(wei)護充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器將以某(mou)一(yi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池補(bu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，這(zhe)樣可(ke)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池總(zong)處(chu)于充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。

快速充(chong)電終止控制方法 

采(cai)(cai)用快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)法時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流為常規充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流的幾十倍。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)后(hou)，如果不(bu)及時停止快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，電(dian)池(chi)的溫度(du)(du)和內(nei)部壓力將迅(xun)速(su)(su)上升。內(nei)部壓力過大(da)時，密封電(dian)池(chi)將打開放氣孔(kong)，從(cong)而(er)使電(dian)解液逸散，造(zao)成電(dian)解液的粘稠性增(zeng)大(da)，電(dian)池(chi)的內(nei)阻增(zeng)大(da)，容量下(xia)降。 從(cong)鎳鎘電(dian)池(chi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)特性可以看出，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓開始下(xia)降，電(dian)池(chi)的溫度(du)(du)和內(nei)部壓力迅(xun)速(su)(su)上升，為了保(bao)證電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)又不(bu)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)，可以采(cai)(cai)用定時控制、電(dian)壓控制和溫度(du)(du)控制待(dai)多種方(fang)法。 

（1）定(ding)時(shi)(shi)控制(zhi) 采用1.25C充(chong)(chong)(chong)電速率時(shi)(shi)，電池(chi)(chi)1h可充(chong)(chong)(chong)足；采用2.5C充(chong)(chong)(chong)電速率時(shi)(shi)，30min可充(chong)(chong)(chong)足。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，根據(ju)電池(chi)(chi)的容(rong)量(liang)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電電流，很(hen)容(rong)易確定(ding)所需的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電時(shi)(shi)間。這種(zhong)控制(zhi)方法最簡單，但是(shi)由(you)于電池(chi)(chi)的起始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電狀態不完全(quan)相同，有的電池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)不足，有的電池(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，只有充(chong)(chong)(chong)電速率小于0.3C時(shi)(shi)，才(cai)允(yun)許采用這種(zhong)方法。 

（2）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi) 在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)法(fa)(fa)中，最(zui)容易(yi)檢測的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)控(kong)制(zhi)法(fa)(fa)有(you)： 最(zui)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（Vmax） 從(cong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性曲線可(ke)以看出(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到(dao)最(zui)大(da)值(zhi)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)即(ji)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到(dao)規定值(zhi)后(hou)，應立(li)即(ji)停止(zhi)快速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種控(kong)制(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)隨環境溫度、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)(su)率(lv)而(er)變(bian)(bian)，而(er)且(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)中各單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)也(ye)有(you)差別，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)采用(yong)這種方法(fa)(fa)不可(ke)能非常(chang)準確地(di)判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)已(yi)足充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)量(liang)（－ΔV） 由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)增(zeng)量(liang)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)無關，而(er)且(qie)不受環境溫度和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)(su)率(lv)等因(yin)素(su)影響，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)可(ke)以比較(jiao)準確地(di)判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)已(yi)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種控(kong)制(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)出(chu)現(xian)負(fu)增(zeng)量(liang)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)已(yi)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)溫度較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)要(yao)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)較(jiao)長時(shi)間，才出(chu)現(xian)負(fu)增(zeng)量(liang)，過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較(jiao)嚴重。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，這種控(kong)制(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)主要(yao)適用(yong)于鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)零增(zeng)量(liang)（0ΔV） 鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中，為了(le)避免(mian)等待(dai)出(chu)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)負(fu)增(zeng)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間過(guo)(guo)久而(er)損(sun)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，通(tong)常(chang)采用(yong)0ΔV控(kong)制(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。這種方法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)：充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以前，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在某(mou)一段(duan)時(shi)間內(nei)可(ke)能變(bian)(bian)化很小，從(cong)而(er)造成過(guo)(guo)早地(di)停止(zhi)快速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為此(ci)(ci)(ci)，目前大(da)多(duo)數鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)快速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)都采用(yong)高(gao)(gao)靈敏(min)－0ΔV檢測，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)略有(you)降低時(shi)，立(li)即(ji)停止(zhi)快速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 

（3）溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 為(wei)了(le)(le)避免損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)低(di)(di)時(shi)(shi)不能開始快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)上(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)規定數值后(hou)(hou)(hou)，必(bi)(bi)須立即停(ting)止(zhi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有： 最高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)（Tmax） 充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，通常當(dang)(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)達(da)到(dao)45℃時(shi)(shi)，應立即停(ting)止(zhi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)通過(guo)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)裝(zhuang)在一(yi)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)來檢測(ce)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)點是(shi)熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)響應時(shi)(shi)間較長，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)檢測(ce)有一(yi)定滯(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，同時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最高工作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)與環(huan)境(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)有關。當(dang)(dang)(dang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)低(di)(di)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)也達(da)不到(dao)45℃。 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)（ΔT） 為(wei)了(le)(le)消除環(huan)境(jing)(jing)影(ying)響，可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)達(da)到(dao)規定值后(hou)(hou)(hou)，立即停(ting)止(zhi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為(wei)了(le)(le)實現溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)升(sheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，必(bi)(bi)須用(yong)(yong)兩只熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，分(fen)別檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)變化率（ΔT/Δt） 鎳氫(qing)和(he)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)迅速(su)(su)(su)上(shang)升(sheng)，而且上(shang)升(sheng)速(su)(su)(su)率ΔT/Δt基本相同，當(dang)(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)每分(fen)鐘上(shang)升(sheng)1℃時(shi)(shi)，應當(dang)(dang)(dang)立即終止(zhi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，近年來被普遍采用(yong)(yong)。應當(dang)(dang)(dang)說明(ming)，由于熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)值與溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)關系(xi)是(shi)非(fei)線性的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因此，為(wei)了(le)(le)提高檢測(ce)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)應設法(fa)(fa)減小熱(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)非(fei)線性的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。 最低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)（Tmin） 當(dang)(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)(di)于10℃時(shi)(shi)，采用(yong)(yong)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，會影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命。在這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)情況下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)應自動(dong)轉(zhuan)入(ru)涓流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)上(shang)升(sheng)到(dao)10℃后(hou)(hou)(hou)，再轉(zhuan)入(ru)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 

（4）綜合控制 述各種控制方法各有優缺點。為了保證在任何情況下，均能準確可*地控制電池的充電狀態，目前快速充電器中通常采用包括定時控(kong)制、電壓控(kong)制和溫度(du)控(kong)制的綜合控(kong)制法。